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| Targets |
N-Acetylserine acts as a physiological inducer of cysteine biosynthesis. It stimulates in vitro cysJIH transcription and has binding activity with the CysB apoprotein. CysB is a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis in bacteria. N-Acetylserine serves as a signal molecule that interacts with CysB to activate the expression of the cysteine regulon. Its target is therefore the CysB transcription factor and the cysteine biosynthetic pathway.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, N-Acetylserine stimulates cysJIH transcription, which is part of the cysteine biosynthesis pathway. It exhibits binding activity with the CysB apoprotein, a transcriptional regulator. This interaction leads to the activation of genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis. The compound is a metabolite observed in cancer metabolism and has a role as a human metabolite. Its activity is primarily related to its role in regulating sulfur amino acid metabolism.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, N-Acetylserine functions as a physiological inducer of cysteine biosynthesis. It is a metabolite involved in the regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism. As a human metabolite, it is present in the body and participates in metabolic pathways. It has been observed in cancer metabolism, suggesting a potential role in disease states. However, its specific in vivo pharmacological effects beyond its role as a metabolite are not extensively characterized.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays with N-Acetylserine typically involve studying its interaction with the CysB transcription factor and its role in regulating cysteine biosynthesis. Assays may include electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to study CysB binding to DNA in the presence of N-Acetylserine, or transcriptional reporter assays to measure cysJIH promoter activity. Standard protocols involve incubating CysB protein with labeled DNA probes and varying concentrations of N-Acetylserine, followed by gel electrophoresis or luciferase reporter measurements.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments with N-Acetylserine typically involve treating bacterial or mammalian cells with the compound to study its effects on cysteine biosynthesis and metabolism. Cells are cultured with N-Acetylserine at various concentrations for defined periods, and endpoints include measurement of cysteine and glutathione levels, gene expression analysis by qPCR, and assessment of cell viability. These experiments are used to study the regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism and the role of N-Acetylserine in cellular physiology.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with N-Acetylserine are not commonly performed as the compound is a metabolite rather than a therapeutic agent. If used, it would likely be to study the role of N-Acetylserine in cysteine biosynthesis and sulfur amino acid metabolism in animal models. Standard protocols would involve administering the compound (oral or intraperitoneal) and measuring cysteine, glutathione, and related metabolites in blood and tissues. Its primary significance, however, is as a research tool for studying cysteine metabolism and gene regulation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of N-Acetylserine are not well characterized as the compound is a metabolite rather than a drug. As a small, polar amino acid derivative, it is expected to be readily absorbed and distributed throughout the body. It is likely metabolized through pathways involving deacetylation or incorporation into amino acid metabolism. Its presence as a human metabolite suggests it is part of normal metabolism. Specific PK data are not available in the literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
N-Acetylserine has a low toxicity profile as it is a naturally occurring human metabolite. It is not considered a hazardous substance. As a metabolite involved in cysteine biosynthesis, it is part of normal physiological processes. Comprehensive toxicology studies have not been published for this compound. Standard laboratory safety practices are sufficient for handling. It is not classified as a hazardous substance for research use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
N-acetyl-L-serine is an N-acetyl-L-amino acid, with L-serine as the designated amino acid. It is a metabolite observed in cancer metabolism and is also a human metabolite. It is an acetyl-L-serine and an N-acetyl-L-amino acid. N-acetylserine is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). N-acetylserine has also been reported in soybeans, fruit flies, and several other organisms with relevant data.
N-Acetylserine is a physiological inducer of cysteine biosynthesis and a human metabolite. It stimulates in vitro cysJIH transcription and has binding activity with the CysB apoprotein. The compound has been observed in cancer metabolism and has a role as a human metabolite. It is not a drug and has no clinical trials or therapeutic indications. It is available for laboratory research use only as a tool for studying cysteine metabolism and gene regulation. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H9NO4
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| Molecular Weight |
147.13
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| Exact Mass |
147.053
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| CAS # |
16354-58-8
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| Related CAS # |
Acetylserine-d3;2230887-17-7
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| PubChem CID |
65249
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
468.4±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
207.6 °C
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| Flash Point |
237.1±27.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.494
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| LogP |
-1.89
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
145
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
JJIHLJJYMXLCOY-BYPYZUCNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c1-3(8)6-4(2-7)5(9)10/h4,7H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,8)(H,9,10)/t4-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-acetamido-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 125 mg/mL (849.59 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7967 mL | 33.9836 mL | 67.9671 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3593 mL | 6.7967 mL | 13.5934 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6797 mL | 3.3984 mL | 6.7967 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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