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Hemocyanin (hemocyanin)

Cat No.:V72734 Purity: ≥98%
Hemocyanin is a large copper-containing respiratory protein.
Hemocyanin (hemocyanin)
Hemocyanin (hemocyanin) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 9013-72-3
Product category: Endogenous Metabolite
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
5mg
10mg
Other Sizes
Official Supplier of:
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Product Description
Hemocyanin is a large copper-containing respiratory protein. Hemocyanin is an important nonspecific innate immune defense molecule with phenoloxidase, antiviral, antimicrobial, hemolytic, and anticancer effects.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
Human Endogenous Metabolite
References

[1]. Protein Diversity and Immune Specificity of Hemocyanin From Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Immunol. 2021 Dec 7;12:772091.

Additional Infomation
Hemocyanin from the keyhole limpet is an immunomodulator that can be used as a vaccine to help the body fight cancer. It is a natural protein isolated from the marine mollusc, the keyhole limpet. Hemocyanin is an immunogenic carrier protein that enhances the antigenic immune response to haptens and other weak antigens, such as idiotype proteins, in vivo. (NCI04) Metalloproteins function as oxygen transport proteins in the hemolymph of mollusks and arthropods. They are characterized by two copper atoms coordinated to histidine residues, reversibly binding a single oxygen molecule; they do not contain heme groups.
Pharmacological Indications
Studied for the treatment of bladder cancer and solid tumors.

Mechanism of Action
Keyhole hemocyanin (KLH) is generally a very effective conjugating agent. It is the most commonly used carrier protein in the preparation of hapten conjugates. KLH consists of five subunits. It is rich in lysine and contains a large amount of available primary amines, which promote conjugation, antibody production, and peptide linking after dissociation.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Exact Mass
1020.893
CAS #
9013-72-3
PubChem CID
168009928
Appearance
Off-white to gray solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
9
Rotatable Bond Count
54
Heavy Atom Count
72
Complexity
898
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
SMILES
CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)O.CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)CO.CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(C)C(=O)OCCO
InChi Key
NECYLMLMGRVXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/3C21H40O3/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-20(2)21(23)24-19-18-22;1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-21(23)24-19-20(2)22;1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-21(23)24-20(2)19-22/h3*10-11,20,22H,3-9,12-19H2,1-2H3
Chemical Name
2-hydroxyethyl 2-methyloctadec-9-enoate;1-hydroxypropan-2-yl octadec-9-enoate;2-hydroxypropyl octadec-9-enoate
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

  • Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information
Title:A Phase 1, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of TNX-1500 in Healthy Subjects
Status:Completed
updateDate:2026-03-16
Ctid:NCT07473752

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT07473752

Conditions:Phase 1 First-in-human Study Involving Healthy Subjects
Interventions:Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH)
Phase:Phase 1
Title:Study of Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous and Subcutaneous Single and Repeated Doses of SAR441344 in Healthy Adult Subjects
Status:Completed
updateDate:2025-09-16
Ctid:NCT05845996

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05845996

Conditions:Healthy Volunteers
Interventions:Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Phase:Phase 1
Title:Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Status:Completed
updateDate:2024-03-04
Ctid:NCT00019097

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00019097

Conditions:Stage II Multiple Myeloma|Stage III Multiple Myeloma|Refractory Plasma Cell Neoplasm
Interventions:sargramostim
Phase:Phase 2
View More

Title:Vaccine Therapy Plus Sargramostim Following Chemotherapy in Treating Stage III or Stage IV Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Status:Completed
updateDate:2023-12-27
Ctid:NCT00004198

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00004198

Conditions:Lymphoma
Interventions:tumor cell-based vaccine therapy
Phase:Phase 2
Title:Vaccine Therapy Following Chemotherapy & Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Status:Terminated
updateDate:2023-09-18
Ctid:NCT00006478

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00006478

Conditions:Lymphoma
Interventions:sargramostim
Phase:Phase 2
Title:Vaccine Therapy Plus Sargramostim Following Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Status:Completed
updateDate:2023-09-07
Ctid:NCT00004197

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00004197

Conditions:Lymphoma
Interventions:vincristine sulfate
Phase:Phase 2
Title:A Toll-like Receptor Agonist as an Adjuvant to Tumor Associated Antigens (TAA) Mixed With Montanide ISA-51 VG With Bevacizumab for Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma
Status:Withdrawn
updateDate:2020-01-13
Ctid:NCT02754362

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02754362

Conditions:Glioblastoma|Glioma
Interventions:Peptide Vaccine
Phase:Phase 2
Title:CpG 7909 in Treating Patients Who Have Undergone Autologous Stem Cell Transplant
Status:Terminated
updateDate:2017-11-29
Ctid:NCT00369291

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00369291

Conditions:Germ Cell Tumor|Leukemia|Lymphoma|Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm
Interventions:tetanus toxoid
Phase:Phase 1
Title:A Study to Evaluate the Effects of Rituximab on Immune Responses in Subjects With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Background Methotrexate
Status:Completed
updateDate:2017-08-10
Ctid:NCT00282308

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00282308

Conditions:Rheumatoid Arthritis
Interventions:Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Phase:Phase 2
Title:The Effects of Tysabri Treatment on Vaccination Response and Lymphocyte Subsets in Subjects With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis
Status:Completed
updateDate:2017-02-15
Ctid:NCT00536120

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00536120

Conditions:Multiple Sclerosis
Interventions:tetanus diphtheria toxoid vaccine (Td)
Phase:Phase 4
Title:Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, PK, and PD of BMS-986090 in Healthy Subjects
Status:Terminated
updateDate:2016-05-12
Ctid:NCT02079480

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02079480

Conditions:Healthy Adult Volunteers
Interventions:Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Phase:Phase 1
Title:Vaccine Therapy With or Without Fludarabine in Treating Patients With Stage IV Kidney Cancer
Status:Unknown status
updateDate:2013-12-19
Ctid:NCT00093522

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00093522

Conditions:Kidney Cancer
Interventions:fludarabine phosphate
Phase:Phase 2
Title:Combination Chemotherapy Followed By Vaccine Therapy Plus Sargramostim in Treating Patients With Stage III or Stage IV Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Status:Unknown status
updateDate:2013-12-04
Ctid:NCT00017290

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00017290

Conditions:Lymphoma
Interventions:vincristine sulfate
Phase:Phase 3
Title:Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer That Has Responded to Initial Therapy
Status:Completed
updateDate:2013-06-19
Ctid:NCT00004249

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00004249

Conditions:Lung Cancer
Interventions:polysialic acid
Phase:Phase 2
Title:Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin Compared With Doxorubicin in Treating Patients With Bladder Cancer
Status:Completed
updateDate:2013-05-15
Ctid:NCT00006034

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00006034

Conditions:Bladder Cancer
Interventions:doxorubicin hydrochloride
Phase:Phase 3
Title:Fludarabine Followed by Vaccine Therapy and White Blood Cell Infusions in Treating Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma
Status:Completed
updateDate:2013-04-04
Ctid:NCT00091143

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00091143

Conditions:Melanoma (Skin)
Interventions:fludarabine phosphate
Phase:Phase 1
Title:Vaccine Therapy in Treating Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Status:Completed
updateDate:2013-03-26
Ctid:NCT00003638

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00003638

Conditions:Breast Cancer
Interventions:cyclophosphamide
Phase:Phase 3
Title:Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Progressive Prostate Cancer
Status:Completed
updateDate:2013-03-19
Ctid:NCT00003819

Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00003819

Conditions:Prostate Cancer
Interventions:keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Phase:Phase 1

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