| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
GUDCA (non-deuterated) acts on bile acid-activated receptors, including the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5/GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). It also has antioxidant effects and reduces levels of inflammatory cytokines. GUDCA prevents cell death induced by unconjugated bilirubin in astroglial cells. The deuterated version (d4) is not used for activity studies but serves as an analytical standard.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, GUDCA (the non-deuterated form) has antioxidant effects in Barrett's esophagus cells and primary cultured rat neurons. It reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines and prevents cell death induced by unconjugated bilirubin in an astroglial cell model of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. GUDCA also protects against bile acid-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. The deuterium-labeled version (GUDCA-d4) is not used to measure biological activity but rather as an internal standard for LC-MS quantification. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, oral administration of GUDCA (500 mg/kg per day) decreases the severity of symptoms and increases the amount of Akkermansia muciniphila, a commensal bacterial species commonly decreased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in a mouse model of colitis. GUDCA also reduces the severity of experimental colitis in mice. These effects are attributed to its anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. The deuterated analog (GUDCA-d4) is used only for analytical purposes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays, GUDCA-d4 is dissolved in methanol (1 mg/mL) as a stock solution. For LC-MS/MS analysis, it is used as an internal standard. A standard curve for GUDCA is prepared in human serum or plasma (0.1-1000 ng/mL) with a fixed concentration of GUDCA-d4 (e.g., 50 ng/mL). Samples are extracted using protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by centrifugation and injection onto a C18 column with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (gradient elution).
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, Barrett's esophagus cells (e.g., BAR-T or CP-A) or primary cultured rat neurons are seeded in appropriate culture plates. For Barrett's cells, DMEM with 10% FBS is used. Cells are treated with GUDCA (0.1-100 uM) for 24-72 hours. Oxidative stress is induced using H2O2 (100-500 uM) or unconjugated bilirubin (50 uM). Antioxidant effects are measured by DCFH-DA (10 uM, 30 min) fluorescence for ROS production, MTT assay for viability, and Western blot for Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, a mouse model of colitis is used. Female C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) are administered 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5-7 days. GUDCA is dissolved in PBS and administered orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day for the duration of the experiment (7-14 days). Disease activity index (DAI) is calculated based on weight loss, stool consistency, and rectal bleeding. At the end of the experiment, colon length is measured, and colonic tissue is collected for histology (H&E staining), cytokine measurement (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10 by ELISA), and qPCR for inflammatory markers. Fecal samples are collected for 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze A. muciniphila levels.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
GUDCA-d4 has a molecular weight of approximately 453.65. It is soluble in DMSO (slightly) and methanol (slightly). The compound is stored at -20degC as a powder. As an internal standard, it is used at low concentrations (typically ng/mL). The deuterium label does not affect the chemical behavior significantly, allowing for co-elution with non-deuterated GUDCA in chromatography.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
GUDCA-d4 is a non-toxic, stable isotope-labeled compound intended for analytical use only. It is not intended for in vivo administration at pharmacological doses. As an internal standard used at trace levels (ng-ug per sample), it poses no toxicity risk under standard handling conditions. Standard laboratory safety guidelines for handling organic solvents and standards should be followed.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
GUDCA-d4 is an analytical standard and research tool, not an approved drug. No clinical trials have been conducted with the deuterated version. The non-deuterated parent compound, GUDCA, has been studied for its potential therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cholestasis, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but it is not an FDA-approved drug. GUDCA-d4 is used exclusively as an internal standard for quantitative mass spectrometry analysis in research settings. It is classified as an endogenous metabolite.
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| Molecular Formula |
C26H39D4NO5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
453.65
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| Exact Mass |
453.339
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| CAS # |
2044276-17-5
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| Related CAS # |
Glycoursodeoxycholic acid;64480-66-6
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| PubChem CID |
155908804
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
655.6±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
350.3±27.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.546
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| LogP |
3.53
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
727
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
6
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| SMILES |
[2H]C1(C[C@]2([C@H](CC(C3C2CC[C@]4(C3CC[C@@H]4[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCC(=O)O)C)O)C([C@@H]1O)([2H])[2H])C)[2H]
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| InChi Key |
GHCZAUBVMUEKKP-RFEKOOACSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C26H43NO5/c1-15(4-7-22(30)27-14-23(31)32)18-5-6-19-24-20(9-11-26(18,19)3)25(2)10-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-21,24,28-29H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19?,20?,21?,24?,25+,26-/m1/s1/i8D2,12D2
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| Chemical Name |
2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5S,10S,13R,17R)-2,2,4,4-tetradeuterio-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]acetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2043 mL | 11.0217 mL | 22.0434 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4409 mL | 2.2043 mL | 4.4087 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2204 mL | 1.1022 mL | 2.2043 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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