| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
MDCG sodium targets free cadmium ions (Cd2+) and cadmium bound to metallothionein, a metal-binding protein that sequesters heavy metals in tissues. The dithiocarbamate group (-CS2Na) acts as a bidentate ligand, forming stable, lipophilic complexes with Cd2+ ions. These complexes are then transported to the liver and excreted into bile, bypassing the kidneys. MDCG sodium also chelates other divalent metal ions such as Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+, but has highest affinity for Cd2+.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, MDCG sodium functions as a metal chelator, forming stable complexes with Cd2+ ions. The chelation activity can be measured in buffer solutions by monitoring the decrease in free Cd2+ concentration using ion-selective electrodes or colorimetric assays. MDCG sodium has been shown to mobilize Cd2+ from metallothionein in solution, demonstrating its ability to displace the metal from its protein-bound state. No other direct biological activity has been reported for this compound. The deuterated version is not applicable; MDCG sodium is not a deuterated compound.
|
| ln Vivo |
Nitric acid N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine (1.1 mM/kg; intraperitoneal; single dosage) markedly increased the excretion of Cd in stool. The systemic Cd load of the mice was reduced by more than 50% when the number of treatments was increased to seven times per week [1].
In vivo, MDCG sodium mobilizes and promotes the biliary excretion of metallothionein-bound cadmium (¹⁰⁹Cd) in mouse models. The compound significantly reduces cadmium levels in the liver and kidneys, which are the primary target organs of cadmium-induced toxicity. In these studies, MDCG sodium is typically administered intraperitoneally at doses of 0.1-1 mmol/kg following cadmium exposure. The chelated cadmium complex is preferentially excreted via bile into the feces, rather than via urine, which helps protect the kidneys from cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity. No other in vivo pharmacological activities have been reported. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (metal chelation), MDCG sodium (0.1-1 mM) is incubated with CdCl2 (0.1 mM) in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 minutes at 37degC. Free Cd2+ concentration is measured using a Cd2+ ion-selective electrode or by atomic absorption spectroscopy after removal of the MDCG-Cd complex by ultrafiltration. Alternatively, competitive chelation assays using the colorimetric indicator 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) can be performed: the decrease in absorbance at 490 nm upon addition of MDCG sodium indicates Cd2+ chelation. For metallothionein displacement assays, metallothionein-bound Cd is incubated with MDCG sodium and free Cd is measured.
|
| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, primary hepatocytes or kidney cell lines (e.g., HK-2, NRK-52E) are used. Cells are seeded in 6-well plates (1×10⁶ cells/well) in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells are pre-treated with CdCl2 (5-20 uM) for 24 hours to induce metallothionein expression and Cd accumulation. MDCG sodium (0.1-1 mM) is then added for an additional 24-48 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. Intracellular Cd content is measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy following cell lysis. Metallothionein levels are quantified by ELISA. The efflux of Cd from cells into medium is measured to assess chelator efficacy. For cytotoxicity assessment, LDH release is measured.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, mouse models of cadmium poisoning are used. Male ICR or C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) receive CdCl2 (10-50 umol/kg) or ¹⁰⁹Cd-labeled cadmium intravenously or intraperitoneally. MDCG sodium (0.1-1 mmol/kg) is administered intraperitoneally 1-24 hours after cadmium exposure. Mice are placed in metabolic cages to separate urine and feces. At various time points (1-7 days), blood, liver, kidneys, and feces are collected. Cadmium content (total or ¹⁰⁹Cd radioactivity) in tissues and excreta is measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy or gamma counting. Bile duct cannulation can be performed to directly measure biliary excretion of Cd. Results show significant reduction of Cd in liver and kidneys and increased Cd excretion in feces.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
MDCG sodium has a molecular weight of 293.34 and is a white solid powder. It is soluble in water and DMSO (50 mg/mL in DMSO with sonication). The compound contains a dithiocarbamate group which is sensitive to acidic conditions; solutions should be prepared fresh and used promptly. MDCG sodium should be stored as a powder at -20degC, protected from light and moisture, with stability for up to 3 years. The compound is hygroscopic; containers should be sealed tightly. In solution, it is stable at -80degC for up to 6 months and at -20degC for 1 month.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
MDCG sodium has low acute toxicity in animal studies at doses up to 1 mmol/kg intraperitoneally. No significant adverse effects have been reported at chelation therapy doses. However, as a dithiocarbamate, high doses may cause mild hepatotoxicity or neurotoxicity in some species. The compound is not mutagenic in standard Ames tests. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic chemicals should be followed, including the use of PPE and working in a fume hood. Avoid inhalation of powder and contact with skin. Cadmium is highly toxic; proper handling and disposal of cadmium-containing waste must be observed.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
NOX-100 is a novel nitric oxide (NO) neutralizer developed by Medinox, a San Diego-based company, and has demonstrated efficacy and potential in treating hemorrhagic shock. NOX-100 is the first product in a line of proprietary NO-neutralizing compounds being developed by Medinox that bind to and inactivate NO. NO is a simple gaseous molecule and an important biological messenger in the body.
Drug Indications It has been studied for the treatment of sepsis and septicemia. Mechanism of Action Under normal circumstances, nitric oxide (NO) is produced in small amounts, but it plays many important maintenance roles, including regulating blood pressure, promoting memory, and fighting pathogens. However, when inflammation occurs, NO is produced in excess, leading to disease. NOX-100 can bind to excess NO, but it does not eliminate the low levels of NO needed to maintain important bodily functions. NOX-100 eliminates excess NO, unlike enzyme inhibitors that block NO synthesis. MDCG sodium is a research compound and not an approved drug. It has not undergone clinical trials for therapeutic use in humans. Its primary application is in preclinical research to study cadmium detoxification mechanisms, chelation therapy, and heavy metal toxicology. The compound is used to investigate biliary excretion pathways and the role of dithiocarbamate chelators in mobilizing cadmium from metallothionein stores in liver and kidney. MDCG sodium is classified as a metal chelator and is not intended for human therapeutic use. Available for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H16NNAO5S2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
293.34
|
| Exact Mass |
311.047
|
| CAS # |
91840-27-6
|
| Related CAS # |
N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine;94161-07-6
|
| PubChem CID |
23692466
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
529.9ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
232-233ºC
|
| Flash Point |
274.3ºC
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
17
|
| Complexity |
236
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
|
| SMILES |
CN(C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O)C(=S)[S-].[Na+]
|
| InChi Key |
PLQRBFAACWRSKF-LJTMIZJLSA-M
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H17NO5S2.Na/c1-9(8(15)16)2-4(11)6(13)7(14)5(12)3-10;/h4-7,10-14H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,15,16);/q;+1/p-1/t4-,5+,6+,7+;/m0./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
sodium;N-methyl-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl]carbamodithioate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 62.5 mg/mL (213.06 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4090 mL | 17.0451 mL | 34.0901 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6818 mL | 3.4090 mL | 6.8180 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3409 mL | 1.7045 mL | 3.4090 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01672008
Conditions:HypotensionProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
