| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an analytical standard, Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is not used for studying biological targets. The non-deuterated parent compound, Trimethylammonium chloride, is a non-competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. By inhibiting AChE, the compound increases acetylcholine levels. It is also an endogenous metabolite that inhibits deacetylation reactions, potentially interacting with histone deacetylases (HDACs) or other deacetylases. The compound is a product of choline metabolism by gut microbiota and is associated with trimethylaminuria (fish odor syndrome). The deuterated version shares these properties but is used as an analytical standard.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is not used for in vitro activity studies; it serves exclusively as an analytical internal standard and tracer. The non-deuterated parent compound, Trimethylammonium chloride, has been studied in vitro as a non-competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). At concentrations of 1-100 mM, it inhibits AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner as measured by the Ellman method. It also inhibits deacetylation reactions, suggesting potential activity against histone deacetylases. However, the compound is primarily used as an analytical standard and as a tool for studying choline metabolism and gut microbiota function. The deuterated version is not used in activity assays; its sole purpose is analytical quantification. |
| ln Vivo |
Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is not intended for in vivo activity studies; it is used exclusively as an internal standard for analytical quantification. The non-deuterated parent compound, Trimethylammonium chloride, is an endogenous metabolite produced from dietary choline by gut microbiota. Elevated levels are associated with trimethylaminuria (fish odor syndrome), a genetic disorder caused by deficiency of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3). The compound is also associated with high-dose choline intake and is responsible for the fishy odor associated with decaying fish, bacterial vaginosis, and bad breath. The compound is not used therapeutically. The deuterated version is used to quantify trimethylamine levels in biological samples for diagnostic and research applications.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (analytical quantification), Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is prepared as a stock solution in water or methanol (1 mg/mL). For LC-MS/MS analysis, a calibration curve for trimethylamine is prepared in human plasma or urine (0.1-1000 ng/mL) with a fixed concentration of the deuterated internal standard (e.g., 50 ng/mL). Sample preparation: 100 uL plasma or urine + 20 uL internal standard + 880 uL acetonitrile for protein precipitation. After centrifugation, the supernatant is diluted with water (1:1) and injected onto a HILIC column (e.g., ZIC-HILIC) with a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate in water and acetonitrile (15:85, v/v, isocratic). MRM transitions: trimethylamine 60→44 (and 60→42), trimethylamine-d9 69→53 (and 69→49). For GC-MS analysis, samples are derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) to form volatile derivatives. For AChE inhibition assays, the Ellman method is used as described for trimethylammonium chloride.
|
| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is not used for activity studies. For the non-deuterated compound, hepatocytes (e.g., HepG2 cells) or intestinal epithelial cells (e.g., Caco-2 cells) are seeded in 6-well plates (1×10⁶ cells/well) in DMEM with 10% FBS. To study trimethylamine production, cells are treated with choline (10-100 uM) or with gut bacterial lysates. Trimethylamine levels in culture medium are measured by LC-MS/MS using Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 as internal standard. For toxicity studies, cells are treated with trimethylamine (1-50 mM) for 24-72 hours, and cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. For mechanistic studies, the compound can be used to inhibit AChE or deacetylation, and the effects on acetylcholine levels or histone acetylation can be measured.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is not administered to animals as a drug. For pharmacokinetic studies of trimethylamine, animals are administered choline (50-200 mg/kg, oral) or trimethylamine (10-50 mg/kg, IV). Blood, urine, and fecal samples are collected at multiple time points. Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 (fixed concentration) is added to plasma, urine, or fecal extracts as internal standard before LC-MS/MS analysis to quantify trimethylamine levels. For trimethylaminuria models, FMO3 knockout mice are used, and trimethylamine levels in urine are measured using the deuterated standard. For gut microbiota studies, mice are treated with antibiotics to deplete gut bacteria, and the effect on trimethylamine production from choline is studied. For metabolic disease studies, high-choline diets are used to study the effects of elevated trimethylamine on cardiovascular disease risk.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 has a molecular weight of 104.63, with nine deuterium atoms providing a mass shift of +9 Da relative to non-deuterated trimethylammonium chloride (MW 95.57). The compound is a white to off-white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water (100 mg/mL) and methanol. It should be stored as a powder at -20degC for up to 3 years, and in solution at -80degC for up to 6 months or at -20degC for up to 1 month. The compound is hygroscopic and should be stored in a tightly sealed container. The deuterium label is stable and non-radioactive. The nine deuterium atoms result in a significantly higher mass, allowing for clear separation from endogenous trimethylamine in mass spectrometry.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is a stable isotope-labeled compound with minimal toxicity at analytical concentrations (ng-ug per sample). The non-deuterated parent compound, trimethylamine, is a volatile base with low acute toxicity (oral LD₅0 in rats: approximately 500 mg/kg). At high concentrations, trimethylamine can cause respiratory irritation, eye damage, and skin burns. However, when used as an internal standard, the amount is negligible and poses no toxicity risk. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling amines should be followed (use of PPE, work in fume hood). The compound is non-radioactive and safe for research use.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is an analytical standard and research tool, not an approved drug. No clinical trials have been conducted with the deuterated version for therapeutic purposes. The non-deuterated parent compound, trimethylamine, is not a drug but is an endogenous metabolite and a clinical biomarker for trimethylaminuria (fish odor syndrome), a rare genetic disorder. Elevated urinary trimethylamine levels are diagnostic for this condition. Trimethylamine is also a marker for gut microbiota activity and is being studied for its role in cardiovascular disease (via conversion to trimethylamine N-oxide, TMAO). Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is used as an internal standard for quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of trimethylamine in clinical, environmental, and research settings, enabling accurate measurement of this metabolite in urine, plasma, and other biological samples. Available for research use only.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C3HD9CLN
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
104.63
|
| Exact Mass |
104.107
|
| CAS # |
18856-86-5
|
| Related CAS # |
Trimethylammonium chloride;593-81-7
|
| PubChem CID |
71310292
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Melting Point |
283-284ºC(lit.)
|
| LogP |
0.979
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
5
|
| Complexity |
8
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])N(C([2H])([2H])[2H])C([2H])([2H])[2H].Cl
|
| InChi Key |
SZYJELPVAFJOGJ-KYRNGWDOSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H9N.ClH/c1-4(2)3;/h1-3H3;1H/i1D3,2D3,3D3;
|
| Chemical Name |
1,1,1-trideuterio-N,N-bis(trideuteriomethyl)methanamine;hydrochloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (955.75 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.5575 mL | 47.7874 mL | 95.5749 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.9115 mL | 9.5575 mL | 19.1150 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9557 mL | 4.7787 mL | 9.5575 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
