| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
D-Glucosamic acid does not have a well-defined pharmacological target as it is primarily a biochemical tool and a potential impurity standard. It is structurally related to glucosamine, which is known to interact with various biological pathways including glycosaminoglycan synthesis and inflammation modulation. As an endogenous metabolite, it may be involved in amino sugar metabolism pathways. However, its specific receptor or enzyme targets have not been extensively characterized. In analytical contexts, it is used as a reference standard rather than for target identification. |
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro activity of D-Glucosamic acid is not typically evaluated as a bioactive compound with pharmacological effects. Instead, its utility lies in its chemical properties as a precursor for synthesis. It may serve as a substrate or inhibitor in enzymatic assays involving glucosamine-related enzymes, though specific activity data is limited. As a structural analog of glucosamine, it might theoretically affect hexosamine biosynthesis pathways, but this has not been the primary focus of research. Its main relevance is in analytical method development and quality control applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of D-Glucosamic acid is not well documented in the literature. As an oxidized derivative of glucosamine, it is not a therapeutic agent and does not have established pharmacological effects in living organisms. It may be metabolized through amino sugar pathways, but specific in vivo studies are lacking. The compound is primarily used in research settings for analytical purposes rather than for evaluating biological activity in animal models. Any in vivo effects would likely relate to its role as a metabolite in glucosamine/glucose metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays involving D-Glucosamic acid typically focus on its role as a substrate or inhibitor for enzymes in the glucosamine metabolic pathway. For example, it could be used in assays with glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase or related enzymes to study substrate specificity. Standard enzymatic assays involve incubating the compound with purified enzyme preparations in appropriate buffers (e.g., Tris-HCl, pH 7.4) at 37°C, followed by detection of products or consumption of substrates using spectrophotometric or chromatographic methods. These experiments help characterize enzyme kinetics and metabolic pathways.
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| Cell Assay |
D-Glucosamic acid is not typically used in cell culture experiments as a bioactive compound. However, it might be employed in studies investigating glucosamine metabolism in cell lines. Cells could be treated with the compound to assess its effects on hexosamine biosynthesis or its potential toxicity. Since it is a reference standard for analytical purposes, it may be used in cellular assays to validate detection methods for glucosamine and its metabolites, rather than to study direct biological effects. Standard cell culture protocols would involve treatment durations of 24-72 hours and assessment of cell viability, metabolic markers, or metabolite levels by LC-MS.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with D-Glucosamic acid are not commonly performed. As an analytical reference standard and a potential impurity in glucosamine products, its relevance is in quality control rather than pharmacological evaluation. If used in animal models, it would likely be administered orally or intravenously to study its pharmacokinetics or as a tracer in metabolic studies. However, such studies are not standard and the compound is generally not considered a therapeutic candidate. Its primary use in the pharmaceutical industry is for analytical method development and validation, not for in vivo efficacy testing.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of D-Glucosamic acid have not been systematically characterized. As a polar, hydrophilic amino sugar acid with multiple hydroxyl groups and a carboxylic acid, it is expected to have low oral bioavailability due to poor membrane permeability. It likely undergoes renal excretion as a small polar molecule. In the context of analytical method development, it may be used as a reference standard to establish detection methods for glucosamine-related compounds in biological matrices. Any PK data would need to be generated specifically for research purposes using LC-MS/MS-based quantification methods.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for D-Glucosamic acid is limited. As an endogenous metabolite and a derivative of glucosamine, it is expected to have low inherent toxicity. It is not classified as a hazardous substance and is used in analytical laboratories as a reference standard. However, as with all chemicals, appropriate safety precautions should be taken during handling. The compound's safety profile is likely similar to that of glucosamine, which is generally recognized as safe at typical exposure levels. Comprehensive toxicity studies, including acute and chronic toxicity assessments, have not been published for this specific compound.
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| Additional Infomation |
2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid is a hexanoic acid with four hydroxyl groups at C-3, C-4, C-5, and C-6, and an amino group at C-2. It is a bacterial metabolite functionally related to D-gluconic acid. It is the conjugate acid of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose and also a zwitterion tautomer of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose has been reported to be present in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and relevant data are available.
D-Glucosamic acid is primarily an analytical reference standard and research chemical rather than a pharmaceutical drug. Its main applications are in analytical method development, method validation (AMV), and quality control (QC) for abbreviated new drug applications (ANDA) related to glucosamine products. The compound can also be used as a reference standard with traceability to pharmacopeial standards (USP or EP). It is supplied with detailed characterization data compliant with regulatory guidelines. It is not a drug and has no clinical trials or approved therapeutic uses, serving purely as a tool for pharmaceutical analysis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H13NO6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
195.17
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| Exact Mass |
195.074
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| CAS # |
3646-68-2
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| PubChem CID |
73563
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.662g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
633.2ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
235ºC
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| Flash Point |
336.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
-15 ° (C=2.5, 1mol/L HCl)
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| LogP |
-5.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
175
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)N)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
UFYKDFXCZBTLOO-TXICZTDVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H13NO6/c7-3(6(12)13)5(11)4(10)2(9)1-8/h2-5,8-11H,1,7H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4-,5-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: < 1 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.1237 mL | 25.6187 mL | 51.2374 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0247 mL | 5.1237 mL | 10.2475 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5124 mL | 2.5619 mL | 5.1237 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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