| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Triolein-13C3 targets the same molecular pathways as unlabeled Triolein, primarily serving as a substrate for pancreatic lipase, which hydrolyzes triacylglycerols into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols for absorption. It also reduces the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and exhibits strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. As a tracer, the 13C label allows researchers to track the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of dietary fats. In breath tests, 13CO2 released from oxidation of the labeled fatty acids indicates pancreatic exocrine function.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope tracer, Triolein-13C3 is not used to measure biological activity in the traditional sense. Instead, it is used in lipid metabolism studies. Triolein (unlabeled) has been shown to reduce MMP-1 upregulation, which is involved in extracellular matrix degradation, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The 13C-labeled version is added to lipid emulsions or administered to animals to track the incorporation of oleic acid into chylomicrons, triglycerides, and phospholipids, and to study fatty acid beta-oxidation by measuring 13CO2 production. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Triolein-13C3 is used in the 13C-triolein breath test, a non-invasive diagnostic test for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (e.g., in cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis). After oral administration of a test meal containing 13C-labeled triolein, pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes the triacylglycerol, releasing 13C-labeled oleic acid. This is absorbed and oxidized in the liver, producing 13CO2 that is exhaled and measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The test provides a measure of pancreatic lipase activity. In animals, it is used to study lipid digestion, absorption, and metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (analytical quantification), Triolein-13C3 is prepared as a stock solution in chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) or hexane (1 mg/mL). For LC-MS/MS analysis, a calibration curve for Triolein is prepared in human plasma or lipid extracts (0.1-100 ug/mL) with a fixed concentration of Triolein-13C3 (e.g., 10 ug/mL). Sample preparation: lipids are extracted using the Bligh and Dyer method (chloroform:methanol:water). The organic layer is evaporated, reconstituted in mobile phase (10 mM ammonium acetate in methanol:isopropanol, 50:50), and injected onto a C18 column with gradient elution. MRM transitions (ammonium adducts): Triolein 902.8→603.5 (or 902.8→339.5), Triolein-13C3 905.8→606.5.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, enterocytes (e.g., Caco-2 cells) or hepatocytes (e.g., HepG2 cells) are seeded in 6-well plates (1×10⁶ cells/well) in DMEM with 10% FBS. For lipid metabolism studies, cells are treated with Triolein-13C3 (10-100 uM) complexed with fatty acid-free BSA (molar ratio 5:1) or incorporated into lipid emulsions for 2-24 hours. Lipids are extracted from cells, and 13C-labeled triolein and its metabolites (e.g., dioleoylglycerol, monooleoylglycerol, oleic acid) are analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Fatty acid beta-oxidation is assessed by measuring 13CO2 production in sealed culture flasks using a CO2 trap, analyzed by IRMS.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, the 13C-triolein breath test is performed in rats or mice. Animals are fasted overnight. Triolein-13C3 (10-50 mg/kg) is mixed with a test meal (e.g., corn oil or Intralipid) and administered orally by gavage. Breath samples are collected at baseline and at multiple time points (every 15-30 minutes for 4-6 hours) using a metabolic chamber or by trapping exhaled CO2 in a sodium hydroxide solution. 13CO2/12CO2 ratio is measured by IRMS. The cumulative percentage of 13CO2 recovered is calculated. For pharmacokinetic studies, blood is collected for measurement of labeled triolein, chylomicrons, and free fatty acids by LC-MS/MS. Pancreatic lipase activity is assessed by comparing breath test results with or without lipase inhibitors.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Triolein-13C3 has a molecular weight of approximately 888.41, with three carbon-13 atoms providing a mass shift of +3 Da (M+3) relative to unlabeled Triolein (MW 885.43). The compound is a colorless to light yellow liquid at room temperature, insoluble in water, and soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, hexane, and DMSO (limited). It is stored as a liquid at -20degC under nitrogen to prevent auto-oxidation. The 13C label is stable and non-radioactive. The compound is a symmetrical triacylglycerol containing three oleic acid (C18:1 omega-9) chains.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Triolein-13C3 is a stable isotope-labeled compound with the same low toxicity profile as natural Triolein, a major component of edible oils. At typical tracer doses (mg per kg body weight in animals), it poses no toxicity risk. Triolein is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a food ingredient. No significant acute toxicity has been reported. The compound is non-radioactive and safe for research use. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling lipids should be followed, including storage under inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Triolein-13C3 is a research compound and stable isotope tracer, not an approved drug. It has not undergone clinical trials as a therapeutic agent. Its primary applications include the 13C-triolein breath test for the non-invasive diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in clinical settings (e.g., cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer). In research, it is used to study lipid digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as for the validation of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapies. It is also used as an internal standard for quantitative LC-MS analysis of triacylglycerols in lipidomics studies. Available for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C5413C3H104O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
888.41
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| Exact Mass |
887.793
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| CAS # |
82005-46-7
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| Related CAS # |
Triolein;122-32-7
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| PubChem CID |
12313707
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
0.916 g/mL at 25ºC(lit.)
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| Boiling Point |
235-240ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
>230 °F
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| Index of Refraction |
n20/D 1.469(lit.)
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| LogP |
18.097
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
53
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| Heavy Atom Count |
63
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| Complexity |
1010
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C(CO[13C](=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)(CO[13C](=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)O[13C](=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC
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| InChi Key |
PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UBEHWWNBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C57H104O6/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-34-37-40-43-46-49-55(58)61-52-54(63-57(60)51-48-45-42-39-36-33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3)53-62-56(59)50-47-44-41-38-35-32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2/h25-30,54H,4-24,31-53H2,1-3H3/b28-25-,29-26-,30-27-/i55+1,56+1,57+1
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| Chemical Name |
2,3-bis[[(Z)-(113C)octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (Z)-(113C)octadec-9-enoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1256 mL | 5.6280 mL | 11.2561 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2251 mL | 1.1256 mL | 2.2512 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1126 mL | 0.5628 mL | 1.1256 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02101346
Conditions:AtherosclerosisProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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