| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Docosahexaenoic acid-d5 targets the same biological pathways as natural DHA. DHA is a structural component of cell membranes, particularly in the brain and retina, influencing membrane fluidity, lipid raft organization, and signaling. DHA is a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs, especially PPARgamma and PPARdelta) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). It is also a precursor for specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) including resolvins, protectins, and maresins.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, DHA-d5 is used as a stable isotope tracer to study fatty acid uptake, metabolism, and incorporation into cellular phospholipids. Natural DHA has been shown to reduce inflammation (by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation), promote neurite outgrowth in neuronal cell cultures, and induce apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines. The deuterated version allows precise quantification of these processes by LC-MS without affecting the biological activity of the molecule. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, DHA is essential for brain development, visual function, and cardiovascular health. DHA-d5 is used as a tracer to study DHA metabolism, brain uptake, placental transfer, and incorporation into tissue phospholipids. Natural DHA has documented in vivo effects: it reduces serum triglycerides in hypertriglyceridemic patients, supports visual and cognitive development in infants, and has anti-inflammatory properties. The deuterated version follows identical in vivo disposition.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro tracer experiments, DHA-d5 is dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethanol or DMSO to prepare a stock solution (e.g., 10-100 mM). The desired amount of DHA-d5 is then conjugated to fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a 1:1 to 4:1 molar ratio in warm PBS (37degC) to enhance solubility. Cells are incubated with DHA-d5-BSA complexes (e.g., 10-100 microM DHA-d5) for 1-24 hours. Lipids are extracted with chloroform:methanol (2:1) and analyzed by LC-MS/MS to determine DHA-d5 incorporation.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies, cells (e.g., neuronal SH-SY5Y, retinal ARPE-19, or hepatocytes) are cultured in standard medium (DMEM with 10% FBS). Upon reaching 70-80% confluence, cells are serum-starved for 2-4 hours, then treated with DHA-d5-BSA complexes (10-50 microM) in serum-free medium for 4-24 hours. Control cells receive BSA alone. After treatment, cells are washed with PBS containing 0.1% fatty acid-free BSA to remove unbound fatty acids, then harvested for lipid extraction. Lipid extracts are analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify DHA-d5 incorporation into individual phospholipid species (PC, PE, PS, PI).
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo tracer studies, DHA-d5 is typically administered to rodents via oral gavage or intravenous injection (e.g., 10-100 mg/kg). For oral studies, DHA-d5 is mixed with corn oil or other lipid vehicle and administered by gavage. Blood samples are collected from the tail vein at multiple time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hours). At terminal time points, tissues (brain, retina, liver, adipose tissue, heart) are collected, snap-frozen, and stored at -80degC. Lipids are extracted and analyzed by LC-MS/MS to trace DHA-d5 distribution and metabolism.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
DHA-d5 is used as a tracer to study DHA pharmacokinetics. Natural DHA is absorbed in the small intestine, incorporated into chylomicrons, and distributed to tissues via the lymphatic system. In humans, oral DHA has a plasma half-life of approximately 2-4 hours in the postprandial phase, with a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 20-50 hours due to slow release from tissues (especially liver and adipose). DHA crosses the blood-brain barrier via MFSD2A transporter. The deuterated version has identical PK.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid that is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) at nutritional doses (typical supplementation 500-2,000 mg/day). High doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and a fishy aftertaste. DHA has antiplatelet effects at very high doses (>3 g/day). The LD50 of DHA in rodents is >2,000 mg/kg. DHA-d5 is chemically identical except for deuterium substitution and has the same safety profile. Not for human consumption. Standard laboratory safety precautions apply.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DHA-d5 is not a drug but a deuterium-labeled stable isotope tracer. It has no approved therapeutic status, no clinical trial history as a separate agent, and is not intended for human consumption. It is used exclusively for analytical chemistry applications, particularly in mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, to elucidate the metabolism and biological pathways of omega-3 fatty acids. DHA-d5 is also used for method development, method validation (AMV), and quality control (QC) in pharmaceutical analysis. Also known as Cervonic acid-d5. Available with ≥98% CP purity and ≥98 atom% D.
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| Molecular Formula |
C22H27D5O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
333.52
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| Exact Mass |
333.271
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| CAS # |
1197205-71-2
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| Related CAS # |
Docosahexaenoic acid;6217-54-5
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| PubChem CID |
24778483
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
446.7±24.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
343.4±18.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.521
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| LogP |
6.78
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
462
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C([2H])([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-RPBOKJFVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22(23)24/h3-4,6-7,9-10,12-13,15-16,18-19H,2,5,8,11,14,17,20-21H2,1H3,(H,23,24)/b4-3-,7-6-,10-9-,13-12-,16-15-,19-18-/i1D3,2D2
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| Chemical Name |
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-21,21,22,22,22-pentadeuteriodocosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9983 mL | 14.9916 mL | 29.9832 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5997 mL | 2.9983 mL | 5.9966 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2998 mL | 1.4992 mL | 2.9983 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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