| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
L-Threonine-15N does not have a specific pharmacological target as it is not a drug but rather a stable isotope-labeled tracer molecule. Its "target" in research contexts is the metabolic pathways involving threonine. As an essential amino acid, L-threonine plays important roles in protein synthesis, glycine synthesis, protein phosphorylation, and O-linked glycosylation. The 15N label allows researchers to trace nitrogen atoms through these pathways, providing insights into nitrogen metabolism, protein turnover, and amino acid utilization in various biological systems.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro activity of L-Threonine-15N is not measured in terms of pharmacological potency but rather as a tracer for metabolic studies. In cell culture experiments, the compound is incorporated into proteins and metabolic intermediates, allowing researchers to track its fate through mass spectrometry or NMR spectroscopy. Its "activity" is reflected in its ability to be metabolically incorporated into cellular components, serving as a tool to study protein synthesis rates, amino acid metabolism, and nitrogen flux in various cell types including immune cells and gut epithelial cells. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies using L-Threonine-15N typically involve administering the labeled amino acid to animals or human subjects and tracking its metabolic fate. The compound is incorporated into body proteins and can be detected in various tissues, plasma, and excretory products. It has been used to study threonine metabolism in the context of immune function, gut health, and overall nitrogen balance. Metabolic flux analysis using 15N-labeled threonine provides quantitative data on amino acid utilization, protein synthesis rates, and the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism in living organisms.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding experiments with L-Threonine-15N are not performed in the traditional sense of drug-receptor interactions. Instead, the compound is used in enzymatic assays to study threonine-metabolizing enzymes such as threonine dehydrogenase, threonine aldolase, and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The 15N label enables the use of mass spectrometry to detect and quantify enzymatic products, providing mechanistic insights into enzyme kinetics and substrate specificity. Typical experiments involve incubating the labeled substrate with purified enzymes or cell lysates and analyzing product formation by LC-MS/MS.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments with L-Threonine-15N involve supplementing cell culture media with the labeled amino acid, often in place of natural threonine or as a tracer in threonine-free media. Cells are cultured for various time periods (hours to days) to allow incorporation of the label into proteins and metabolites. Following incubation, cells are harvested, and proteins or metabolites are extracted for analysis by mass spectrometry. These experiments are used to study protein synthesis rates, amino acid turnover, and the metabolic fate of threonine in different cell types, including cancer cells, immune cells, and primary cell cultures.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with L-Threonine-15N typically involve administering the labeled compound via oral gavage, intravenous injection, or dietary incorporation. Animals (e.g., mice, rats, or pigs) are given a single dose or continuous infusion of the labeled threonine, and blood, tissues, and excreta are collected at various time points. Isotopic enrichment in plasma amino acids, tissue proteins, and urinary metabolites is measured by mass spectrometry. These studies provide quantitative data on whole-body threonine metabolism, protein synthesis rates in different organs, and the impact of nutritional or pathological states on amino acid utilization.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of L-Threonine-15N are essentially identical to those of natural L-threonine, as isotopic substitution does not significantly alter its physicochemical properties. L-threonine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract via amino acid transporters, distributed throughout the body, and incorporated into proteins or metabolized. It has a relatively short plasma half-life (typically 1-2 hours in humans) due to rapid clearance and utilization. The 15N label allows for precise tracking of the compound's distribution and metabolism, making it valuable for PK studies of amino acid metabolism. Research applications include using it as a tracer for metabolic flux analysis and stable isotope labeling in various biological systems.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Threonine-15N has a low toxicity profile since it is a naturally occurring essential amino acid. The isotope label (15N) is a stable, non-radioactive isotope, and does not introduce any additional toxicity beyond that of the unlabeled compound. At normal physiological concentrations, L-threonine is safe and well-tolerated. Even at high doses, amino acids generally have a wide safety margin. However, as with all amino acids, extremely high doses could potentially lead to metabolic imbalances. For research use, standard laboratory safety practices are sufficient, and the compound is not considered hazardous.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
L-Threonine-15N is a research-grade stable isotope-labeled compound used primarily in metabolic and nutritional studies. Its primary application is as a tracer in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and proteomics to study nitrogen metabolism, protein turnover, and amino acid utilization. The compound is also used in NMR-based structural biology to probe protein structure, dynamics, and ligand binding. It is not a drug and has no clinical trials or approved therapeutic indications. As an isotopically labeled essential amino acid, it serves as a critical tool for understanding metabolic pathways and is available for laboratory research purposes only, with its unlabeled counterpart having CAS number 72-19-5.
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| Molecular Formula |
C4H915NO3
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| Molecular Weight |
120.11
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| Exact Mass |
120.055
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| CAS # |
80681-09-0
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| Related CAS # |
L-Threonine;72-19-5
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| PubChem CID |
16217581
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.507
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| LogP |
-2.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
93.3
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)[15NH2])O
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| InChi Key |
AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-SZEKAKMSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1/i5+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R)-2-(15N)azanyl-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.3257 mL | 41.6285 mL | 83.2570 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6651 mL | 8.3257 mL | 16.6514 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8326 mL | 4.1629 mL | 8.3257 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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