| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
IC50: AGE formation[1]
Cassiaside C does not have a definitively established primary molecular target in conventional pharmacological terms. It is classified as an endogenous metabolite and its biological activity is primarily characterized through functional assays rather than specific receptor binding studies. The compound is recognized for its interaction with the biochemical pathways involved in advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation, indicating that its targets may include proteins or intermediates in the glycation cascade rather than a single defined receptor or enzyme. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Cassiaside C exhibits significant in vitro inhibitory activity against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are harmful compounds associated with aging and diabetic complications. This activity suggests that the compound can interfere with the non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, a process that involves the reaction of reducing sugars with free amino groups of proteins. The compound’s naphthopyrone glycoside structure is believed to be responsible for this bioactivity, potentially through its ability to trap reactive carbonyl species or chelate metal ions involved in the glycation process.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for Cassiaside C is currently limited in the available scientific literature. As a natural product isolated from Cassia tora, its in vivo pharmacological effects have not been extensively characterized in animal models. However, based on its in vitro AGE inhibitory activity, it is hypothesized that the compound could potentially exhibit anti-glycation effects in living organisms, which might translate to benefits in conditions like diabetes and age-related diseases. Further in vivo studies are required to confirm its efficacy, bioavailability, and therapeutic potential in mammalian systems.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Typical in vitro enzyme assays for AGE inhibition involve incubating a protein (such as bovine serum albumin, BSA) with a reducing sugar (like glucose or ribose) in the presence of the test compound. The formation of fluorescent AGEs is measured over time using a fluorescence spectrophotometer at excitation/emission wavelengths (e.g., 370/440 nm). The inhibitory activity of Cassiaside C is calculated by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the compound-treated group to a control group without the inhibitor. Assays are often performed in 96-well plates at 37°C for several days under sterile conditions, with aminoguanidine used as a positive control.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular studies, appropriate cell lines such as renal mesangial cells, endothelial cells, or macrophages are cultured in standard media containing high glucose concentrations to stimulate AGE formation. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of Cassiaside C (e.g., 1-100 µM) for defined periods (24-72 hours). Cellular AGE accumulation can be assessed by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry using anti-AGE antibodies. Additional endpoints include the measurement of oxidative stress markers (e.g., reactive oxygen species, ROS), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), and cell viability via MTT or CCK-8 assays to evaluate the compound's cytoprotective effects against glycation-induced cellular damage.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Cassiaside C would typically involve the use of diabetic rodent models such as streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats or db/db mice to evaluate its anti-glycation effects. Animals would be administered the compound via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at various doses (e.g., 10-50 mg/kg) for a period of 4-12 weeks. Key parameters to monitor include blood glucose levels, body weight, and biomarkers of glycation such as serum AGEs, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fructosamine. Renal function markers (urinary albumin, serum creatinine) and histopathological examination of kidney tissues would be assessed to determine protection against diabetic nephropathy.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of Cassiaside C have not been systematically reported. As a glycoside with a molecular weight of 596.53, it is expected to have relatively low oral bioavailability due to poor permeability and potential efflux by transporters. The compound likely undergoes deglycosylation in the gastrointestinal tract by microbial enzymes, and the resulting aglycone (toralactone) may be absorbed. PK studies would involve LC-MS/MS methods to quantify the compound and its metabolites in plasma, urine, and tissues. Parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, AUC, half-life, and volume of distribution would need to be determined in future studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for Cassiaside C is not well documented. As a natural compound isolated from Cassia tora, which has a history of use in traditional medicine, it is presumed to have a reasonable safety profile at typical dietary exposure levels. However, systematic toxicity studies including acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity assessments in animal models have not been published. The compound's in vitro cytotoxicity against normal cell lines would be an initial step in evaluating its safety margin. Based on its chemical class as a glycoside, it is not expected to be highly toxic, but caution should be exercised until comprehensive toxicological data are available.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Cassiaside C is a benzochromene ketone compound and also a glycoside. It has been reported that Cassiaside C exists in Cassia obtusifolia and Cassia tora, and relevant data are available for reference.
Cassiaside C is primarily a research tool compound rather than a therapeutic drug. Its significance lies in being a natural product with demonstrated anti-AGE activity, making it a valuable lead compound for the development of potential treatments for diabetes-related complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. As a naphthopyranone glycoside, it also contributes to the chemical diversity of natural products. The compound's presence in food sources positions it as a potential dietary biomarker. Currently, there are no clinical trials or approved drug status for Cassiaside C, and its use remains strictly within the scope of laboratory research for studying glycation inhibition and metabolic pathways. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H32O15
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
596.53
|
| Exact Mass |
596.174
|
| CAS # |
119170-52-4
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| PubChem CID |
5317701
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| LogP |
-0.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
42
|
| Complexity |
979
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
|
| SMILES |
CC1=CC2=CC3=CC(=CC(=C3C(=C2C(=O)O1)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC
|
| InChi Key |
GBGJNKYTLIUCMX-YUMVGKRXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H32O15/c1-9-3-10-4-11-5-12(37-2)6-13(16(11)20(31)17(10)25(36)39-9)40-27-24(35)22(33)19(30)15(42-27)8-38-26-23(34)21(32)18(29)14(7-28)41-26/h3-6,14-15,18-19,21-24,26-35H,7-8H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,18-,19-,21+,22+,23-,24-,26-,27-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
10-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxybenzo[g]isochromen-1-one
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6764 mL | 8.3818 mL | 16.7636 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3353 mL | 1.6764 mL | 3.3527 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1676 mL | 0.8382 mL | 1.6764 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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