| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Alanine Dehydrogenase targets the oxidative deamination of L-alanine and the reductive amination of pyruvate. Its physiological substrates are L-alanine and NAD+ in the deamination direction, and pyruvate, ammonium, and NADH in the amination direction. The enzyme functions as a key node linking carbon and nitrogen metabolism in microorganisms, particularly in Bacillus species, where it contributes to sporulation and energy homeostasis.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Alanine Dehydrogenase exhibits maximum activity for the deamination reaction at pH 10.0-10.5 and for the amination reaction at pH 8.8-9.0. The enzyme is highly specific for NAD+ as a cofactor and does not accept NADP+. The apparent Km values for substrates in the amination reaction are approximately: NH4+ 4×10-2 M, pyruvate 5×10-4 M, NADH 6×10-5 M. In the deamination direction, the Km values are approximately: L-alanine 3.1×10-3 M, NAD+ 2×10-4 M.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Alanine Dehydrogenase is involved in generating pyruvate during sporulation and serves as an energy source through the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Bacillus species. The enzyme enables microorganisms to utilize alanine as a carbon and nitrogen source under various growth conditions. It also participates in taurine/hypotaurine metabolism and CO2 fixation pathways. No specific in vivo pharmacological activity data is available for this enzyme as a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The typical in vitro enzyme assay for Alanine Dehydrogenase activity is performed spectrophotometrically by monitoring NADH production (deamination direction) or consumption (amination direction). For deamination: mix 3.00 mL reaction containing 47 mM sodium bicarbonate, 17 mM L-alanine, 0.17 mM NAD+, and enzyme in 0.1 M glycine-KCl buffer at pH 10.0 (25degC). Measure absorbance increase at 340 nm (ε=6.22 mM-1 cm-1). One unit converts 1.0 micromol L-alanine to pyruvate and NH3 per minute at pH 10.0 and 25degC.
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| Cell Assay |
As an enzyme product, Alanine Dehydrogenase is not typically tested in conventional in vitro cell assays. Instead, it is utilized as a research tool in cell-free systems and biochemical applications. For studies involving alanine metabolism, bacterial cells expressing the enzyme can be cultured in minimal media containing L-alanine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, followed by enzyme activity measurements in cell lysates using the spectrophotometric assay described above.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies of Alanine Dehydrogenase, animal models are not applicable as this is a bacterial enzyme used as a research reagent. However, studies in Bacillus species have examined the physiological role of the enzyme during sporulation. For toxicology or PK studies, standard animal protocols would involve intravenous or intraperitoneal administration of the purified enzyme in rodents, followed by blood collection at various time points to assess enzyme activity and stability.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a purified bacterial enzyme preparation, Alanine Dehydrogenase is not intended for systemic administration and therefore lacks classical pharmacokinetic parameters. When used in research settings, the enzyme is typically applied in vitro and has minimal stability outside of its optimal conditions. The enzyme is stable at -20degC in buffered 50% glycerol solution (10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.7) for up to 2 years. The optimal pH for activity is 10.0-10.5 for deamination and 8.8-9.0 for amination.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Alanine Dehydrogenase is considered a low-toxicity research reagent. Hazards primarily relate to its formulation: the product is typically supplied as a solution in 50% glycerol containing 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.7). The safety classification indicates Resp. Sens. 1 (respiratory sensitization). Standard laboratory PPE (eyes, gloves) and a multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge are recommended. The enzyme is inactivated by divalent metal ions (mercury being most effective) and p-chloromercuribenzoate, and this inactivation can be reversed by L- or D-cysteine.
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| References |
[1]. Dave UC, et al. Alanine dehydrogenase and its applications - A review. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2019 Aug;39(5):648-664.
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| Additional Infomation |
This enzyme is not a drug but a research-use biochemical reagent. Alanine Dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) is commercially available as a purified enzyme preparation, primarily from Bacillus subtilis or recombinant E. coli expression systems. It has no approved drug status or clinical trial history for human therapeutic use. The enzyme is classified as an oxidoreductase and is used exclusively for in vitro research applications, including enzyme kinetic studies, alanine quantification assays, and metabolic pathway investigations.
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| CAS # |
9029-06-5
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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