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| Targets |
Creatinine-13C has no independent pharmacological target as a stable isotope internal standard. Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine and phosphocreatine, which are vital for cellular energy metabolism, particularly in muscle tissue. Creatinine is not pharmacologically active but is the most important clinical biomarker for assessing renal function, as its concentration in blood and urine is directly related to glomerular filtration rate. Elevated serum creatinine indicates impaired kidney function.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope internal standard, Creatinine-13C is not tested for in vitro pharmacological activity. It is added to biological samples to enable accurate quantification of endogenous creatinine by LC-MS/MS. The 13C label provides a mass shift of M+1 that is readily resolved without introducing chromatographic isotopic shifts commonly observed with deuterated analogs. Creatinine-13C corrects for matrix effects, ion suppression, and analyte interconversion, enabling precise measurement of creatinine for renal function assessment. |
| ln Vivo |
Creatinine-13C has no in vivo pharmacological activity as a therapeutic agent. It is used as an internal standard for quantifying creatinine in biological samples obtained from animal and human studies, including serum, plasma, and urine. Creatinine is the cornerstone biomarker for assessing renal function and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinical diagnostics. The 13C-labeled standard enables accurate creatinine quantification by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), the gold-standard method for renal function assessment.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro LC-MS/MS quantification, Creatinine-13C is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (water, methanol, or 0.1% formic acid) to prepare a stock solution (e.g., 1 mg/mL). The internal standard is added to biological samples (serum, plasma, urine, cell lysates) at a fixed concentration (e.g., 10-500 ng/mL). For serum or plasma samples, protein precipitation is performed by adding 3-5 volumes of methanol or acetonitrile containing the internal standard, followed by vortexing and centrifugation (10,000-15,000 rpm, 10 minutes). For urine samples, dilution with water or mobile phase may be sufficient due to lower protein content. The supernatant is transferred and analyzed directly by LC-MS/MS in positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions. The creatinine/creatinine-13C peak area ratio is used for quantification, correcting for matrix effects and extraction recovery. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) provides absolute quantification without requiring a separate calibration curve.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies, cells (e.g., renal proximal tubule cells, muscle cells, or hepatocytes) are cultured in standard medium (DMEM or RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS). For studies of creatine metabolism or nephrotoxicity, cell lysates or culture supernatants are collected. Creatinine-13C is added as an internal standard at a fixed concentration (e.g., 10-100 ng/mL). Following protein precipitation with methanol or acetonitrile and centrifugation, the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify endogenous creatinine levels. Creatinine concentrations are normalized to protein content by BCA assay or to cell number. The use of a 13C-labeled internal standard eliminates the need for deuterated analogs that may exhibit chromatographic isotope effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo pharmacokinetic or biomarker studies, Creatinine-13C is not administered to animals independently. It is used as an internal standard for quantifying creatinine in biological samples obtained from animal models of renal disease, nephrotoxicity, or muscle metabolism. After collection of serum, plasma, or urine samples, the internal standard is added at a fixed concentration (e.g., 10-500 ng/mL). For tissue samples (kidney, liver, muscle), homogenization is performed in water or PBS, followed by protein precipitation with methanol or acetonitrile containing the internal standard. After centrifugation, the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS to determine absolute creatinine concentrations. For clinical studies, Creatinine-13C is similarly added to patient serum or urine samples for IDMS-based renal function assessment.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Creatinine-13C is an internal standard and does not have independent pharmacokinetic parameters. Creatinine is an endogenous waste product with a plasma half-life of approximately 3-4 hours in healthy humans. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus and not reabsorbed, making its clearance a measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Normal serum creatinine ranges from 0.6-1.2 mg/dL in adults. The volume of distribution approximates total body water (0.5-0.7 L/kg). Creatinine is excreted unchanged in urine (0.5-2 g per day). The 13C-labeled version is used to calibrate analytical methods.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Creatinine is an endogenous metabolite with low toxicity at normal concentrations. Elevated creatinine levels are an indicator of renal dysfunction rather than a cause of toxicity. The LD50 of creatinine in rodents is >5,000 mg/kg. The 13C-labeled version is chemically identical except for isotopic substitution and exhibits the same safety profile. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic compounds apply. Not intended for human consumption.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Creatinine-13C is not a drug but a stable isotope-labeled internal standard. It has no approved therapeutic status, no clinical trial history as a therapeutic agent, and is not intended for human consumption. This compound is used for research applications including as an internal standard for LC-MS or GC-MS quantification of creatinine in serum, plasma, urine, and tissue samples, isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) for definitive creatinine quantification (the gold-standard method for renal function assessment), clinical diagnostics for assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal function, and metabolic studies of creatine and creatinine metabolism. Creatinine-13C is preferred over deuterated analogs (e.g., creatinine-d3) because 13C labeling avoids chromatographic isotopic shifts. Available with 99 atom% 13C isotopic enrichment and ≥98% chemical purity.
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| Molecular Formula |
C313CH7N3O
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| Molecular Weight |
114.11
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| Exact Mass |
114.062
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| CAS # |
1173022-95-1
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| Related CAS # |
Creatinine;60-27-5
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| PubChem CID |
153274188
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
142
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1C([H])([H])N([13C]([H])([H])[H])C(N([H])[H])=N1
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| InChi Key |
DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-OUBTZVSYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H7N3O/c1-7-2-3(8)6-4(7)5/h2H2,1H3,(H2,5,6,8)/i1+1
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| Chemical Name |
2-imino-1-(113C)methylimidazolidin-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 62.5 mg/mL (547.72 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.7635 mL | 43.8174 mL | 87.6347 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7527 mL | 8.7635 mL | 17.5269 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8763 mL | 4.3817 mL | 8.7635 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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