| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Phytanic acid-d3 has no independent pharmacological target as a stable isotope internal standard. The unlabeled phytanic acid is an endogenous metabolite present in human blood, derived exclusively from dietary sources as humans cannot synthesize branched-chain fatty acids. Impaired phytanic acid metabolism due to deficiencies in peroxisomal enzymes (e.g., phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase or branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase) leads to accumulation in tissues and is diagnostic for peroxisomal disorders including Zellweger Syndrome, Alpha Methylacyl CoA Racemase Deficiency, Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata, and Infantile Refsum Disease.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope internal standard, Phytanic acid-d3 is not tested for in vitro pharmacological activity. It is added to biological samples to enable accurate quantification of endogenous phytanic acid by GC-MS or LC-MS. The deuterium label provides a distinct mass shift allowing correction for matrix effects, extraction recovery, and instrument variability. It is also used as a tracer to study phytanic acid metabolism and its role in peroxisomal disorders. |
| ln Vivo |
Phytanic acid-d3 has no in vivo pharmacological activity as a therapeutic agent. It is used as an internal standard for quantifying phytanic acid in biological samples obtained from animal and human studies, including plasma, urine, and tissue homogenates. Phytanic acid is an important biomarker for peroxisomal disorders and Refsum disease, and the deuterated standard enables accurate measurement of this biomarker in clinical and preclinical research. Phytanic acid itself accumulates in these disorders and contributes to neurological dysfunction.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro LC-MS/MS or GC-MS quantification, Phytanic acid-d3 is dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent (e.g., methanol, ethanol, or hexane) to prepare a stock solution (e.g., 1 mg/mL). The internal standard is added to biological samples (plasma, serum, urine, tissue homogenates) at a fixed concentration (e.g., 10-500 ng/mL). Lipid extraction is performed using a modified Folch method (chloroform:methanol 2:1) or Bligh-Dyer method. After phase separation, the organic layer is collected, evaporated under nitrogen, and reconstituted in mobile phase. For GC-MS analysis, samples may be derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using methanolic HCl or BF3-methanol. The analyte-to-internal standard peak area ratio is used for quantification.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies, cells (e.g., hepatocytes, fibroblasts, or neuronal cells) are cultured in standard medium (DMEM with 10% FBS, 2 mM glutamine). For studies of peroxisomal function or phytanic acid metabolism, cells are treated with phytanic acid or compounds affecting peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Phytanic acid-d3 is added to cell lysates at a fixed concentration (e.g., 10-100 ng/mL) as an internal standard. Following lipid extraction by the Folch method (chloroform:methanol 2:1), the organic phase is collected, evaporated, and reconstituted. The extracted lipids are analyzed by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS to quantify endogenous phytanic acid and its metabolites. Phytanic acid-d3 corrects for extraction efficiency and instrument response.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, Phytanic acid-d3 is not typically administered to animals independently. It is used as an internal standard for quantifying phytanic acid in biological samples obtained from animal models of peroxisomal disorders (e.g., Zellweger syndrome, Refsum disease) or from dietary intervention studies involving phytanic acid. After collection of plasma (via tail vein or cardiac puncture), urine, or tissue homogenates (liver, brain, kidney, adipose tissue), the internal standard is added at a fixed concentration (e.g., 10-500 ng/mL). Lipids are extracted using chloroform:methanol (2:1), the organic phase is evaporated, and the residue is derivatized (for GC-MS) or reconstituted (for LC-MS) and analyzed. For tracer studies, phytanic acid-d3 can be administered orally or intravenously and its metabolic fate tracked.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Phytanic acid-d3 is an internal standard and does not have independent pharmacokinetic parameters. Phytanic acid is a dietary-derived branched-chain fatty acid with a long plasma half-life in humans (several days to weeks) due to its resistance to beta-oxidation and accumulation in adipose tissue. In patients with Refsum disease, phytanic acid levels can exceed 1,000 uM (normal <30 uM). Phytanic acid undergoes alpha-oxidation in peroxisomes to pristanic acid, followed by beta-oxidation. The deuterated version is used to calibrate analytical methods.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Phytanic acid is an endogenous fatty acid with low acute toxicity at normal levels, but accumulation to high levels in peroxisomal disorders causes neurological dysfunction, retinitis pigmentosa, peripheral neuropathy, and cerebellar ataxia. The deuterated version is chemically identical except for isotopic substitution and exhibits the same safety profile. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling lipids (gloves, safety glasses, fume hood) apply. Not intended for human consumption.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Phytanic acid-d3 is not a drug but a deuterium-labeled stable isotope internal standard. It has no approved therapeutic status, no clinical trial history as a therapeutic agent, and is not intended for human consumption. This compound is used for research applications including as an internal standard for GC-MS or LC-MS quantification of phytanic acid in biological samples, clinical biomarker studies for peroxisomal disorders (Zellweger Syndrome, Alpha Methylacyl CoA Racemase Deficiency, Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Infantile Refsum Disease), metabolic tracer studies to investigate phytanic acid metabolism and peroxisomal function, and as a reference standard for quantitative analysis by NMR, GC-MS, or LC-MS. Available with >98% purity.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H40O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
315.548892021179
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| Exact Mass |
315.321
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| CAS # |
1383920-40-8
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| Related CAS # |
Phytanic acid;14721-66-5
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| PubChem CID |
13392621
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| LogP |
8.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
273
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])C(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)CC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
RLCKHJSFHOZMDR-VPYROQPTSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H40O2/c1-16(2)9-6-10-17(3)11-7-12-18(4)13-8-14-19(5)15-20(21)22/h16-19H,6-15H2,1-5H3,(H,21,22)/i5D3
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| Chemical Name |
7,11,15-trimethyl-3-(trideuteriomethyl)hexadecanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1691 mL | 15.8453 mL | 31.6907 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6338 mL | 3.1691 mL | 6.3381 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3169 mL | 1.5845 mL | 3.1691 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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