| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-Valine-1-13C has no independent pharmacological target as a stable isotope tracer. The unlabeled L-valine is an essential branched-chain amino acid that serves as a substrate for protein synthesis and is metabolized via the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway (transamination by branched-chain aminotransferase followed by oxidative decarboxylation). L-Valine also plays a role in lipid peroxidation promoting malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, exhibits inhibitory effects against cyanobacteria and multidrug-resistant bacteria by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and inhibits arginase activity.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope tracer, L-Valine-1-13C is not tested for classical in vitro pharmacological activity. In cell culture studies, it is used to trace valine metabolism, protein synthesis rates, and incorporation into cellular proteins via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The 13C label at the carboxyl carbon enables precise tracking of decarboxylation reactions and transamination events, while the carbon-13 isotope acts as a tracer for investigating valine movement and transformation within biological systems. |
| ln Vivo |
L-Valine-1-13C has no independent in vivo pharmacological activity as a therapeutic agent. It is used in animal and human studies as a stable isotope tracer administered orally or intravenously to measure whole-body valine kinetics, protein turnover, and metabolic flux through the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway. The labeling at the carboxyl carbon is uniquely suited for tracking decarboxylation reactions and quantifying oxidative loss via expired 13CO2 breath analysis, a capability not shared by other labeled valine variants.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro tracer experiments, L-Valine-1-13C is dissolved in culture medium or buffer at desired concentrations (typically 50-500 uM, replacing natural valine in defined media). Cells (e.g., hepatocytes, myocytes, or neurons) are cultured in the labeled medium for specified labeling periods (0-48 hours). At each time point, cells are harvested, washed with PBS, and lysed in RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors. Following protein extraction and hydrolysis, amino acids are derivatized (e.g., with dansyl chloride) and analyzed by LC-MS or GC-MS to determine 13C enrichment and incorporation into cellular proteins. For decarboxylation studies, 13CO2 in the culture headspace can be collected and analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS).
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies, cells are cultured in standard medium (e.g., DMEM with 10% FBS, 2 mM glutamine) until reaching appropriate confluence. The medium is then replaced with valine-free defined medium containing L-Valine-1-13C at a defined concentration (e.g., 0.1-0.8 mM). Cultures are incubated at 37degC in 5% CO2 for labeling periods ranging from 1-72 hours. At each time point, cells are collected, washed with PBS, and lysed. Proteins are precipitated with ice-cold 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and hydrolyzed in 6 M HCl at 110degC for 24 hours. The hydrolysate is dried, derivatized, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS to quantify 13C-valine incorporation into proteins and metabolic intermediates.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo tracer studies, L-Valine-1-13C is administered to rodents via intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, or oral gavage at doses of 50-200 mg/kg. For breath analysis, animals are placed in metabolic cages and expired CO2 is collected into evacuated tubes or trapping solutions at multiple time points (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes). The 13CO2 enrichment is measured by IRMS to quantify decarboxylation rate. Blood samples are collected at the same time points, and plasma is separated by centrifugation. Tissues (liver, muscle, brain, kidney) are harvested and snap-frozen. Valine levels and 13C enrichment are measured by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS after amino acid extraction and derivatization.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Valine-1-13C is a stable isotope tracer and does not have independent pharmacokinetic parameters. It follows the same ADME properties as natural L-valine, an essential branched-chain amino acid. L-Valine is absorbed from the small intestine via large neutral amino acid transporters (LAT1), distributed to all tissues, and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is metabolized primarily in the liver, kidney, and muscle via transamination to alpha-ketoisovalerate followed by oxidative decarboxylation. Plasma half-life in humans is approximately 1-2 hours. Excess valine is excreted in urine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Valine is a naturally occurring essential amino acid with low toxicity. The LD50 in rodents is >5,000 mg/kg. The 13C-labeled version is chemically identical except for isotopic substitution and exhibits the same safety profile. L-Valine plays a role in lipid peroxidation promoting the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling amino acids apply. Not intended for human consumption. No toxicity specific to the 13C label is known.
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| References |
[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(2):211-216.
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| Additional Infomation |
L-Valine-1-13C is not a drug but a stable isotope-labeled research tracer. It has no approved therapeutic status, no clinical trial history as a therapeutic agent, and is not intended for human consumption. This compound is used for research applications including tracing decarboxylation reactions and quantifying oxidative loss via expired 13CO2 breath analysis (a capability unique to 1-13C labeling), metabolic studies to trace valine metabolic pathways and protein synthesis, NMR spectroscopy to study molecular structures and dynamics, and as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification of valine in biological samples. Available with 99 atom% 13C and ≥98% chemical purity.
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| Molecular Formula |
C413CH11NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
118.14
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| Exact Mass |
118.082
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| CAS # |
81201-85-6
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| Related CAS # |
L-Valine;72-18-4
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| PubChem CID |
11051625
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
295-300ºC (subl.)(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.461
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| LogP |
0.754
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
90.4
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CC([C@@H]([13C](=O)O)N)C
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| InChi Key |
KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-TXZHAAMZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H11NO2/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3-4H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/i5+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-3-methyl(113C)butanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.4645 mL | 42.3227 mL | 84.6453 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6929 mL | 8.4645 mL | 16.9291 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8465 mL | 4.2323 mL | 8.4645 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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