| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| Targets |
L-Tyrosine-13C has no direct pharmacological target as an isotope tracer. However, the unlabeled parent compound L-tyrosine serves as the biochemical precursor for catecholamine neurotransmitters including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine via tyrosine hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). It is also a substrate for phenylalanine hydroxylase in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine and for tyrosinase in melanin biosynthesis.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope-labeled tracer, L-Tyrosine-13C is not tested for classical in vitro pharmacological activity. Instead, it is employed in cell culture studies to trace tyrosine metabolism, protein synthesis rates, and conversion to downstream catecholamines. The 13C label enables precise LC-MS/MS quantification of the tracer and its metabolites without interfering with normal cellular processes, making it an effective tool for studying tyrosine utilization in various cell types. |
| ln Vivo |
L-Tyrosine-13C has no independent in vivo pharmacological activity as a therapeutic agent. It is used in animal and human studies as a stable isotope tracer administered orally or intravenously to measure whole-body tyrosine kinetics, phenylalanine hydroxylation rates, and catecholamine turnover. Primed constant infusion protocols enable quantification of tyrosine oxidation and conversion to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, providing critical data on neurotransmitter metabolism that cannot be obtained with unlabeled amino acids.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme assays using L-Tyrosine-13C as a tracer, the compound is dissolved in an appropriate buffer (e.g., 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4) to prepare stock solutions. Tyrosine hydroxylase assays are performed by incubating the enzyme with L-Tyrosine-13C, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and oxygen at 37degC for 15-30 minutes. The reaction is stopped with perchloric acid, and the product L-DOPA-13C is analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify enzymatic activity and kinetic parameters such as Km and Vmax.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell culture tracer studies, cells (e.g., neuronal SH-SY5Y, PC12, or hepatocytes) are cultured in standard medium (DMEM with 10% FBS). The medium is replaced with defined medium containing L-Tyrosine-13C at concentrations of 50-500 microM for labeling periods of 1-48 hours. At each time point, cells are harvested, washed with PBS, and lysed in methanol:water (80:20). After protein precipitation and centrifugation, supernatants are analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify 13C-labeled tyrosine and its metabolites including L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo tracer studies, L-Tyrosine-13C is administered to rodents or human subjects via intravenous bolus injection, primed continuous infusion, or oral gavage (typical dose 1-10 mg/kg). Blood samples are collected at multiple time points (0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes). For brain studies, animals are euthanized and specific brain regions (hypothalamus, striatum, prefrontal cortex) are dissected. Plasma and tissue samples are processed by protein precipitation and analyzed by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS to determine tyrosine kinetics and conversion rates to catecholamine metabolites.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Tyrosine-13C is a stable isotope tracer and follows the same pharmacokinetic profile as natural L-tyrosine. L-tyrosine is absorbed from the small intestine via the large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1), crosses the blood-brain barrier via the same transporter with approximately 25% of plasma levels reaching the brain, and is distributed to all tissues. Plasma elimination half-life in humans is approximately 30-60 minutes. The 13C label does not alter absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion compared to unlabeled tyrosine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Tyrosine-13C is a stable isotope-labeled version of L-tyrosine, a naturally occurring amino acid with GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status at nutritional doses. The unlabeled L-tyrosine has low toxicity with an LD50 >5,000 mg/kg in rodents. At very high doses, tyrosine supplementation may cause gastrointestinal disturbances. The 13C-labeled version is chemically identical and exhibits the same safety profile. Standard laboratory precautions for handling amino acids apply. Not intended for human consumption.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Tyrosine-13C is not a drug but a stable isotope-labeled research tracer. It has no approved therapeutic status, no clinical trial history as a separate agent, and is not intended for human consumption as a drug. This compound is used exclusively for research applications including metabolic flux analysis, protein dynamics studies by NMR, and as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification of tyrosine in biological samples. It is also employed in primed continuous infusion protocols for quantifying phenylalanine-to-tyrosine conversion in phenylketonuria (PKU) research. Available with ≥99 atom% 13C isotopic enrichment and ≥98% chemical purity.
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| Molecular Formula |
C813CH11NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
182.18
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| Exact Mass |
182.077
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| CAS # |
110622-46-3
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| Related CAS # |
L-Tyrosine;60-18-4
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| PubChem CID |
12209705
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
>300ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.614
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| LogP |
1.046
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
176
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC=C1C[13C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O
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| InChi Key |
OUYCCCASQSFEME-IDMPRHEVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1/i8+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)(213C)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 20.83 mg/mL (114.34 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4891 mL | 27.4454 mL | 54.8908 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0978 mL | 5.4891 mL | 10.9782 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5489 mL | 2.7445 mL | 5.4891 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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