| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
D-Threonine does not have a specific pharmacological target as it is a research chemical and amino acid stereoisomer. It is used to investigate microbial metabolism and amino acid racemization. As a D-amino acid, it may be metabolized by D-amino acid oxidase or other enzymes.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, D-Threonine is used as a building block in the synthesis of chiral compounds, peptidomimetics, and pharmaceutical intermediates. It serves as a valuable tool in investigating microbial metabolism and amino acid racemization. Its "activity" is reflected in its chemical properties as a chiral amino acid.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, D-Threonine is not a therapeutic agent. D-Amino acids, including D-threonine, are present in trace amounts in mammals and may have physiological roles. It is used in research to study microbial metabolism and amino acid racemization.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays with D-Threonine typically involve studying D-amino acid oxidase or other enzymes that recognize D-amino acids. The compound is used as a substrate to measure enzyme activity and to determine stereospecificity. Standard assays involve incubating with enzyme preparations and measuring products by spectrophotometric or chromatographic methods.
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| Cell Assay |
D-Threonine is not typically used in cell culture experiments as a bioactive compound for treating mammalian cells. However, it may be employed in studies investigating microbial metabolism or amino acid racemization. Its primary use is as a chemical building block and research tool.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with D-Threonine are not commonly performed as the compound is a research chemical. If used, it would be to study the metabolism of D-amino acids in animal models or to investigate amino acid racemization. Its primary significance is in research as a tool for studying stereochemistry and enzyme specificity.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of D-Threonine are not well characterized. As a small, polar amino acid, it is expected to be absorbed and distributed throughout the body. It may be metabolized by D-amino acid oxidase. Specific PK data are not available in the literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
D-Threonine has a low toxicity profile as an amino acid derivative. For research use, standard laboratory safety practices are sufficient. It is not considered a hazardous substance. Comprehensive toxicology studies have not been published for this compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
D-Threonine is the optically active form of threonine with the D configuration. It is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is a threonine and also a D-α-amino acid. It is the conjugate base of D-threonium. It is the conjugate acid of D-threonine. It is the enantiomer of L-threonine. It is the zwitterion tautomer of D-threonine. D-Threonine is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (strains K12 and MG1655). The presence of D-threonine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported, and relevant data are available. See also: Threonine (note moved to).
D-Threonine is the D-form of threonine, a kind of amino acid. It can be used for the preparation of enantiomerically pure 1,3-butanediol and as a building block in the synthesis of chiral compounds, peptidomimetics, and pharmaceutical intermediates. It also serves as a tool in investigating microbial metabolism and amino acid racemization. The compound is not a drug and has no therapeutic indications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C4H9NO3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
119.12
|
| Exact Mass |
119.058
|
| CAS # |
632-20-2
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| Related CAS # |
D-Threonine-d2
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| PubChem CID |
69435
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
345.8±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
274ºC
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| Flash Point |
162.9±25.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.507
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| LogP |
-1.23
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
8
|
| Complexity |
93.3
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
C[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)N)O
|
| InChi Key |
AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-STHAYSLISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (839.49 mM)
DMSO: < 1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.3949 mL | 41.9745 mL | 83.9490 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6790 mL | 8.3949 mL | 16.7898 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8395 mL | 4.1974 mL | 8.3949 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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