| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DL-Homocystine-d8 has no pharmacological target. The unlabeled DL-Homocystine is a biological molecule that is the oxidized form of homocysteine, a key intermediate in the methionine cycle. Elevated levels of homocysteine (and consequently homocystine) are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and schizophrenia. Its role is as a toxic metabolite and a diagnostic biomarker, not as a ligand for a beneficial drug target.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope standard, DL-Homocystine-d8 is not used to measure in vitro activity. The unlabeled DL-Homocystine is used in cell culture to induce cellular stress. It has been shown to cause endothelial dysfunction, promote the generation of reactive oxygen species, and induce apoptosis in neuronal cell cultures. These effects are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition linked to various age-related diseases. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, DL-Homocystine itself is a disulfide present in plasma. Its concentration is a direct reflection of the plasma homocysteine level, as these two rapidly interconvert via thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. It is not a therapeutic agent but a biomarker. The d8-labeled version is used to track the metabolism of homocysteine. Abnormal levels are linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro assays, DL-Homocystine-d8 is typically dissolved in a suitable solvent like 0.1% formic acid or water to prepare a stock solution. It is used as an internal standard for LC-MS or GC-MS. A fixed amount of the standard is spiked into a biological sample (e.g., plasma, tissue homogenate). After sample preparation steps like protein precipitation, the sample is analyzed by mass spectrometry. The signal ratio allows for precise quantification of homocystine/homocysteine.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based studies, DL-Homocystine-d8 can be added to cell culture media as a tracer. Cells are grown in the presence of the labeled compound. After a certain period, the cells are harvested, and the metabolites are extracted. The extracted samples are analyzed by LC-MS to track how the label from homocystine is incorporated into downstream metabolites of the methionine cycle, such as methionine or S-adenosylmethionine (SAM).
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, DL-Homocystine-d8 can be administered as a tracer to study homocysteine metabolism. The compound is typically given to rodents via an intravenous (IV) bolus or a bolus followed by a continuous infusion. Blood samples are collected at multiple time points. The plasma is analyzed by mass spectrometry to measure the enrichment of the labeled homocysteine over time, allowing researchers to calculate whole-body homocysteine turnover and clearance rates.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
DL-Homocystine-d8 is a tracer and shares the same pharmacokinetics as unlabeled homocystine. Homocysteine is a small, thiol-containing amino acid. Its plasma half-life is short, on the order of minutes to a few hours. It is rapidly cleared by the kidneys and the liver, where it can be remethylated back to methionine or transsulfurated to cysteine. Its levels are a dynamic balance between production and clearance.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Homocysteine is a naturally occurring, low-level metabolite. However, at elevated concentrations (hyperhomocysteinemia), it is considered a toxic agent and is a well-established, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cognitive impairment. The d8-labeled version is chemically identical and should be handled as a potential biohazard. For research use, standard laboratory safety precautions are adequate.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DL-Homocystine-d8 is not a drug but a deuterium-labeled stable isotope internal standard. It is extensively used in clinical research and diagnostics for the accurate measurement of total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in blood plasma, which is a crucial test for assessing cardiovascular risk and diagnosing inborn errors of methionine metabolism. It is also a vital tool for metabolic research to study the methionine cycle and the pathological effects of hyperhomocysteinemia.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H8D8N2O4S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
276.40
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| Exact Mass |
276.105
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| CAS # |
108641-82-3
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| Related CAS # |
DL-Homocystine;870-93-9
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| PubChem CID |
11265862
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
507.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
260.8±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.619
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| LogP |
1.03
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
216
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])(C(C(=O)O)N)C([2H])([2H])SSC([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C(C(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
ZTVZLYBCZNMWCF-SVYQBANQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H16N2O4S2/c9-5(7(11)12)1-3-15-16-4-2-6(10)8(13)14/h5-6H,1-4,9-10H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/i1D2,2D2,3D2,4D2
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-4-[(3-amino-3-carboxy-1,1,2,2-tetradeuteriopropyl)disulfanyl]-3,3,4,4-tetradeuteriobutanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6179 mL | 18.0897 mL | 36.1795 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7236 mL | 3.6179 mL | 7.2359 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3618 mL | 1.8090 mL | 3.6179 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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