| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-Citrulline-13C has no independent pharmacological target. The unlabeled L-citrulline is an intermediate in the urea cycle, a vital pathway for removing toxic ammonia from the body. It is produced from ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate and is converted to argininosuccinate by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS). This makes it a key substrate in the process of recycling nitrogen and creating the essential amino acid arginine.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
L-Citrulline is not directly tested for in vitro activity in most assays. However, the unlabeled form is known to modulate cellular nitrogen balance and is a precursor for arginine synthesis. It has been shown to enhance the viability and function of endothelial cells in culture by promoting the production of nitric oxide (NO). It also acts as a potent antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative stress. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-citrulline is a critical molecule for whole-body nitrogen homeostasis. It is used as a clinical biomarker of enterocyte function because it is produced in the small intestine. The 13C-labeled version is used to trace the flux of nitrogen through the urea cycle and to assess renal function. Unlabeled L-citrulline is also used as a dietary supplement to increase arginine levels and improve blood flow by boosting NO production.
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| Enzyme Assay |
L-Citrulline-13C is used as an internal standard for LC-MS assays. A stock solution is prepared in a solvent like water or 0.1% formic acid. A known amount of this standard is spiked into a biological sample (e.g., plasma, urine, tissue homogenate) before processing. After protein precipitation or other extraction steps, the sample is analyzed by mass spectrometry. The ratio of the unlabeled L-citrulline to the L-Citrulline-13C standard is used for precise quantification.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, L-Citrulline-13C can be added to cell culture media as a tracer. For instance, hepatocytes or primary liver cells can be incubated with the labeled citrulline. At various time points, cells are harvested and their metabolites are extracted. The extracted samples are analyzed by LC-MS to track the 13C label as it is converted into argininosuccinate and arginine, providing real-time data on the activity of the urea cycle in a controlled environment.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, L-Citrulline-13C is often administered to rodents via an intraperitoneal (IP) injection or an intravenous (IV) infusion. Blood samples are collected at multiple time points before and after the administration of the tracer. The plasma is then analyzed by LC-MS to measure the appearance of the labeled citrulline and its conversion to labeled arginine. This technique, known as stable isotope tracer kinetics, is powerful for measuring organ-specific function, such as assessing renal function.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Citrulline-13C has the same pharmacokinetic (PK) properties as unlabeled L-citrulline. It is rapidly absorbed from the gut (when administered orally) and is not taken up by the liver. It is transported in the plasma and primarily cleared by the kidneys, where it is converted to arginine. Its half-life in plasma is relatively short, typically about 1-2 hours in healthy humans. This rapid clearance is due to its efficient conversion to arginine and subsequent use in protein synthesis.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Citrulline is a naturally occurring, low-toxicity amino acid. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and is a common ingredient in dietary supplements. The 13C-labeled version is chemically identical and is considered non-toxic. As an intermediate in the urea cycle, it is essential for life, and the body handles excess amounts efficiently by converting them to arginine or excreting them in the urine. No specific toxicity is associated with its use in research.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Citrulline-13C is not a drug but a research-use stable isotope-labeled standard and tracer. Its primary application is as an internal standard for the accurate quantification of L-citrulline in complex biological matrices like plasma and urine. It is also a powerful tool for studying the urea cycle, particularly in the context of liver disease and kidney function. Furthermore, it is used in research on nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and cardiovascular health.
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| Molecular Formula |
13CC5H13N3O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
176.18
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| Exact Mass |
176.099
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| CAS # |
94740-46-2
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| Related CAS # |
L-Citrulline;372-75-8
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| PubChem CID |
66575410
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
0.638
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
171
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CN[13C](=O)N
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| InChi Key |
RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-JGTYJTGKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H13N3O3/c7-4(5(10)11)2-1-3-9-6(8)12/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,10,11)(H3,8,9,12)/t4-/m0/s1/i6+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-5-(aminocarbonylamino)pentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (567.60 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.6760 mL | 28.3801 mL | 56.7601 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1352 mL | 5.6760 mL | 11.3520 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5676 mL | 2.8380 mL | 5.6760 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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