| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Endo-1,3-β-glucanase targets β-1,3-glycosidic bonds within glucan chains. The enzyme recognizes and binds to β-1,3-glucan chains, catalyzing the cleavage of glycosidic bonds and hydrolyzing polysaccharides into oligosaccharides. The enzyme's substrates include laminarin (a β-1,3-glucan from brown algae), paramylon (a β-1,3-glucan from Euglena), and pachyman (a β-1,3-glucan from fungi). The enzyme has very limited action on mixed-link (1→3,1→4)-β-D-glucans, indicating high specificity for β-1,3-glycosidic bonds. In fungal cell walls, β-1,3-glucan is a major structural component, and the enzyme's ability to hydrolyze this polysaccharide makes it effective for lysing fungal cells. The enzyme's action is random, meaning that it cleaves bonds at various positions along the glucan chain, producing a mixture of oligosaccharides of different lengths. The enzyme's specificity for β-1,3-glycosidic bonds makes it a valuable tool for studying fungal cell wall biology and for developing antifungal strategies.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, endo-1,3-β-glucanase exhibits cleavage activity on fungal cells. The enzyme hydrolyzes β-1,3-glycosidic bonds randomly along β-glucan chains, with glucan oligosaccharides being the major end product. The enzyme's activity can be measured by incubating it with β-1,3-glucan substrates (e.g., laminarin) and measuring the release of reducing sugars or oligosaccharide products. The enzyme is used in research focused on fungal infections, cell wall biology, and the development of antifungal agents. In antimicrobial assays, endo-1,3-β-glucanase is tested against various fungal strains to assess its ability to inhibit fungal growth or lyse fungal cells. The enzyme's activity is influenced by pH, temperature, and the presence of inhibitors. The enzyme is typically active at neutral to slightly acidic pH and at moderate temperatures (25-37°C). In vitro studies have shown that endo-1,3-β-glucanase can effectively lyse Candida albicans and other fungal pathogens.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, endo-1,3-β-glucanase effectively clears vaginal Candida albicans infection in mice with recurrent vaginal candidiasis at 10 U/mL via intravaginal administration. The enzyme's ability to hydrolyze β-1,3-glucan in fungal cell walls leads to the lysis of fungal cells and the clearance of infection. The enzyme has been studied in animal models of fungal infections, particularly vaginal candidiasis. In these studies, the enzyme is administered topically (intravaginally) or systemically, and its effects on fungal burden and clinical symptoms are assessed. The enzyme's in vivo efficacy supports its potential as an antifungal therapeutic. However, comprehensive in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies have not been extensively reported. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize the enzyme's therapeutic potential and safety profile. The enzyme's specificity for fungal cell walls suggests that it may have a favorable safety profile with minimal effects on mammalian cells.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for endo-1,3-β-glucanase typically involve the use of chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates. A common substrate is laminarin, a β-1,3-glucan from brown algae. The enzyme is incubated with laminarin in an appropriate buffer (e.g., sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0-6.0) at 25-37°C. The release of reducing sugars is measured using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, which produces a color change that can be measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. Alternatively, the release of oligosaccharides can be measured by HPLC or by using labeled substrates. One unit of enzyme activity is typically defined as the amount of enzyme that releases 1 μmol of glucose equivalents per minute under the assay conditions. For kinetic characterization, assays are performed at various substrate concentrations, and kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax) are determined from Lineweaver-Burk plots. Inhibition studies are conducted by pre-incubating the enzyme with potential inhibitors before adding the substrate. The enzyme's activity is influenced by pH, temperature, and the presence of metal ions.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for endo-1,3-β-glucanase are performed using fungal cell cultures, notably Candida spp. Fungal cells are cultured in appropriate medium and treated with the enzyme at various concentrations (typically 1-100 U/mL) for varying periods (hours to days). Following treatment, cell viability is assessed by colony counting or by measuring metabolic activity (e.g., using XTT reduction). Cell lysis is assessed by measuring the release of intracellular components such as proteins or ATP. The enzyme's ability to inhibit fungal growth or biofilm formation is assessed by measuring optical density or by staining biofilms. Each experiment includes appropriate controls (untreated cells, heat-inactivated enzyme controls) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability. The enzyme is typically dissolved in buffer (e.g., sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0-6.0) for use in these assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with endo-1,3-β-glucanase are conducted in mouse models of fungal infections, particularly vaginal candidiasis. Typically, 6-8 week old female mice are used, and the infection is induced by intravaginal inoculation of Candida albicans. The enzyme is administered intravaginally at doses ranging from 1-100 U/mL, typically once or twice daily for several days. Following treatment, vaginal swabs are collected to assess fungal burden by culture or by PCR. Clinical signs of infection (e.g., vaginal discharge, inflammation) are scored. At the end of the experiment, animals are euthanized, and vaginal tissues are collected for histopathological examination. Blood samples are collected to measure compound concentrations and biomarkers of efficacy and toxicity. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines, with appropriate sample sizes (typically n=6-10 per group) to ensure statistical power. The enzyme is formulated for administration using appropriate vehicles such as saline or buffer. Endpoints include fungal burden, clinical scores, and histopathological scores.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of endo-1,3-β-glucanase are not applicable for systemic administration, as the enzyme is a protein that would be degraded if administered orally and would likely be immunogenic if administered parenterally. The enzyme is typically used topically (e.g., intravaginally) for the treatment of fungal infections. Following topical administration, the enzyme acts locally at the site of infection, hydrolyzing β-1,3-glucan in fungal cell walls and leading to fungal cell lysis. The enzyme's activity is influenced by pH and the presence of inhibitors. The enzyme is most active at acidic to neutral pH (pH 5.0-6.0) and at moderate temperatures (25-37°C). The enzyme's stability can be improved by formulation with stabilizers. As with all enzymes, the pharmacokinetics of endo-1,3-β-glucanase would be characterized by rapid clearance and potential immunogenicity if administered systemically.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of endo-1,3-β-glucanase is generally favorable, as the enzyme specifically targets β-1,3-glucan, which is found in fungal cell walls but not in mammalian cells. This suggests that the enzyme may have minimal effects on mammalian cells. In cell-based assays, the enzyme has been shown to effectively lyse fungal cells without causing significant cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. In animal models, intravaginal administration of the enzyme has been shown to be well-tolerated. However, comprehensive toxicology studies including acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity assessments, as well as immunogenicity evaluations, have not been extensively reported. The enzyme is classified as a research chemical and is not approved for human use. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the enzyme, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. As with all enzymes, inhalation and skin contact should be avoided.
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| References |
[1]. Wu J, et al. Synthesis of functional oligosaccharides and their derivatives through cocultivation and cellular NTP regeneration. Adv Appl Microbiol. 2021;115:35-63.
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| Additional Infomation |
Endo-1,3-β-glucanase (Lyticase) is a valuable research tool for studying fungal cell wall biology, fungal infections, and antifungal therapy. It is an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes β-1,3-glycosidic bonds randomly along β-glucan chains, with glucan oligosaccharides being the major end product. The enzyme hydrolyzes laminarin, paramylon, and pachyman. It has very limited action on mixed-link (1→3,1→4)-β-D-glucans. Endo-1,3-β-glucanase is produced by various fungi and is widely used in biochemical experiments. The enzyme is used in research focused on fungal infections, cell wall biology, and the development of antifungal agents. It is not approved for any clinical indication and is strictly for research use only. Its specificity for fungal cell walls makes it a valuable tool for studying fungal biology and for developing antifungal strategies.
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| CAS # |
9025-37-0
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: ≥ 50 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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