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L-Methionine-1-13C is a stable isotope-labeled essential amino acid that serves as a tracer for studying methionine metabolism. L-methionine is an essential amino acid for human development. The unlabeled compound is a potent hepatic detoxifier that works as a liver protectant. Methionine plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, methylation, and transsulfuration pathways. It is a precursor for the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is the primary methyl donor in the body and is involved in numerous methylation reactions, including the methylation of DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Methionine is also a precursor for the synthesis of cysteine, glutathione, and taurine through the transsulfuration pathway. The 1-13C label at the carboxyl position allows researchers to track the metabolism of methionine, particularly decarboxylation reactions where the carboxyl carbon is released as ¹³CO₂. This makes L-Methionine-1-13C a valuable tool for studying liver function, as the breath test measures the rate of methionine decarboxylation, which reflects hepatic metabolic capacity.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, L-Methionine-1-13C is used as a tracer in metabolic studies and in medical diagnostics. The compound is specifically used in L-Methionine-1-13C breath tests to assess hepatic regeneration and liver function. In these tests, the compound is administered to patients, and the appearance of ¹³CO₂ in the breath is measured over time. The rate of ¹³CO₂ appearance reflects the rate of methionine decarboxylation, which is a measure of hepatic metabolic capacity. In cell-based studies, L-Methionine-1-13C is added to cell culture media to study methionine uptake, metabolism, and incorporation into proteins. Cells are cultured in standard growth media, and L-Methionine-1-13C is added at various concentrations for varying periods. Following incubation, cells are harvested, and intracellular metabolites are extracted. The extracts are then analyzed by mass spectrometry to measure the ¹³C enrichment of methionine and its metabolites. This allows researchers to quantify methionine uptake, incorporation into proteins, and conversion to SAM, cysteine, and glutathione. In enzyme assays, L-Methionine-1-13C is used as a substrate for enzymes such as methionine adenosyltransferase (which converts methionine to SAM) or methionine decarboxylase. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Methionine-1-13C is used in L-Methionine-1-13C breath tests to assess hepatic regeneration and liver function. The compound is administered orally to patients, and the appearance of ¹³CO₂ in the breath is measured over time using isotope ratio mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy. The rate of ¹³CO₂ appearance reflects the rate of methionine decarboxylation, which is a measure of hepatic metabolic capacity. This test is used to assess liver function in patients with liver disease, to monitor liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and to evaluate the effects of hepatotoxic drugs. In preclinical studies, L-Methionine-1-13C is administered to animals via oral gavage or intravenous injection, and blood and breath samples are collected at various time points. The ¹³C enrichment of methionine and its metabolites in plasma and tissues is measured by mass spectrometry. This allows researchers to study methionine metabolism in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on methionine homeostasis, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for L-Methionine-1-13C typically involve the use of the compound as a substrate for enzymes involved in methionine metabolism. For example, in assays of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity, the enzyme is incubated with L-Methionine-1-13C and ATP, and the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is measured. The reaction products are analyzed by HPLC or mass spectrometry to quantify the formation of labeled SAM. In assays of methionine decarboxylase activity, the enzyme is incubated with L-Methionine-1-13C, and the release of ¹³CO₂ is measured using a ¹³CO₂ detector or by trapping the ¹³CO₂ in a base and measuring its radioactivity or mass. In transsulfuration pathway assays, the enzyme is incubated with L-Methionine-1-13C and other substrates, and the formation of labeled cysteine or glutathione is measured. The use of a labeled substrate allows for the specific detection of enzyme-derived products without interference from endogenous unlabeled metabolites. These assays are typically performed in buffered solutions at physiological pH and temperature, with reaction termination by addition of acid or organic solvent.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based experiments with L-Methionine-1-13C involve adding the labeled compound to cell culture media and studying its uptake and metabolism. Cells are cultured in standard growth media, and L-Methionine-1-13C is added at various concentrations (typically 0.1-10 mM) for varying periods (minutes to hours). Following incubation, cells are harvested, and intracellular metabolites are extracted using organic solvents or perchloric acid. The extracts are then analyzed by mass spectrometry to measure the ¹³C enrichment of methionine and its metabolites. This allows researchers to quantify methionine uptake, incorporation into proteins, and conversion to SAM, cysteine, and glutathione. In metabolic flux analysis experiments, cells are cultured in media containing L-Methionine-1-13C for several hours or days, and the labeling pattern of metabolites is analyzed to calculate metabolic fluxes. The compound is also used in pulse-chase experiments, where cells are briefly exposed to L-Methionine-1-13C (pulse) and then switched to unlabeled media (chase) to study the turnover of methionine-containing molecules. Cell viability is routinely monitored to ensure that the labeled compound does not affect cell health. Each experiment includes appropriate controls (unlabeled cells, vehicle controls) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with L-Methionine-1-13C involve administration of the labeled compound to animals followed by collection of blood, breath, and tissue samples for mass spectrometry analysis. The compound is typically administered via oral gavage or intravenous injection at doses ranging from 10-100 mg/kg. Following administration, breath samples are collected at various time points (typically 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes) to measure the appearance of ¹³CO₂. Blood samples are collected to measure the appearance and disappearance of labeled methionine in the circulation. At the end of the experiment, animals are euthanized, and tissues (liver, kidney, brain, muscle) are collected for analysis. Metabolites are extracted from plasma and tissues, and the ¹³C enrichment of methionine and its metabolites is measured by mass spectrometry. This allows researchers to quantify methionine metabolism in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on methionine homeostasis, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines, with appropriate sample sizes (typically n=4-6 per group) to ensure statistical power.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of L-Methionine-1-13C are studied using the isotope label to track the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of L-methionine. Following oral or intravenous administration, the compound is rapidly absorbed and distributed to tissues. The ¹³C label allows for the specific detection of administered L-methionine in biological samples without interference from endogenous unlabeled L-methionine. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, and bioavailability can be calculated from the concentration-time profiles of labeled methionine in plasma and tissues. L-methionine is an essential amino acid that must be obtained from the diet. It is transported across cell membranes by amino acid transporters and is metabolized through several pathways, including conversion to SAM, cysteine, and glutathione. The labeled compound enables precise tracking of these metabolic processes. The pharmacokinetics of L-Methionine-1-13C are expected to be similar to those of unlabeled L-methionine, with rapid distribution and elimination.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of L-Methionine-1-13C is consistent with that of natural L-methionine, an essential amino acid that is generally recognized as safe at physiological concentrations. L-methionine is a normal component of the diet and is involved in various metabolic pathways. The ¹³C label is a stable isotope that does not impart any additional toxicity to the compound. The compound is supplied as a high-purity research chemical for laboratory use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture. As with all chemicals, ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact should be avoided. The compound's safety profile is supported by the extensive use of stable isotope-labeled amino acids in research and clinical diagnostics. There are no known adverse effects associated with the use of L-Methionine-1-13C at the concentrations typically used in research applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Methionine-1-13C is a valuable research tool for metabolic studies, breath tests, and liver function assessment. It is specifically used in L-Methionine-1-13C breath tests to assess hepatic regeneration and liver function. L-methionine is the L-isomer of methionine, an essential amino acid for human development. The unlabeled compound is a potent hepatic detoxifier that works as a liver protectant. The compound has the molecular formula ¹³CC₄H₁₁NO₂S and a molecular weight of 150.20 g/mol. The carboxyl carbon (C1 position) is enriched with carbon-13 at 99 atom%. It is not a drug and is not approved for any clinical indication as a therapeutic agent. It is strictly for research use only. Its high purity and isotopic enrichment ensure accurate and reproducible results in analytical applications. L-Methionine-1-13C is an essential tool for studying methionine metabolism, liver function, and the role of methionine in health and disease.
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| Molecular Formula |
C413CH11NO2S
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| Molecular Weight |
150.20
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| Exact Mass |
150.054
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| CAS # |
81202-04-2
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| Related CAS # |
L-Methionine;63-68-3
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| PubChem CID |
15556490
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
273ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.531
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| LogP |
0.851
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
97
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CSCC[C@@H]([13C](=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
FFEARJCKVFRZRR-TXZHAAMZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H11NO2S/c1-9-3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/i5+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanyl(113C)butanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 25 mg/mL (166.44 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.6578 mL | 33.2889 mL | 66.5779 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3316 mL | 6.6578 mL | 13.3156 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6658 mL | 3.3289 mL | 6.6578 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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