| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Sialyl-Lewis X (sLeX) serves as a high-affinity ligand for selectins, a family of cell adhesion molecules that includes E-selectin (ELAM-1), P-selectin (CD62P), and L-selectin (CD62L). By binding to these selectins, sLeX mediates the initial capture and rolling of leukocytes on vascular endothelium, which is the first step in the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. The compound binds to ELAM-1 and CD62 and has the ability to inhibit CD62-mediated neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites. This interaction is critical for the immune response, as it allows leukocytes to exit the bloodstream and enter tissues where they are needed. In cancer, sLeX is expressed in high frequency in tumor tissue where it plays a role in adhesion between tumor cells and blood endothelial cells during metastasis. The compound's role as a carbohydrate epitope on the surface of cells makes it a key player in cell-cell recognition and signaling. Its ability to inhibit neutrophil adhesion suggests that it may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases. The compound is also known as the blood group antigen, cluster of differentiation 15s (CD15s), or stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1). |
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| ln Vitro |
The Sialyl-Lewis structure inhibits human neutrophil and HL-60 cell adhesion. 50% of HL-60 cell attachment is decreased by liposomes containing 5 μg/ml of Lex. But the maximum inhibition provided by sLeX liposomes is just 1 ug/ml. Compared to Lex liposomes, sLeX liposomes block adhesion with a 10-fold greater affinity[1]. A soluble human milk oligosaccharide containing the LeX structure inhibits CD62 binding of neutrophils to active platelets. Compared to the nonsialylated Lex sugar, which needs 2 μg/ml and 54 μg/ml, respectively, to achieve 50% inhibition of neutrophil adherence, the sLeX sugar is 30 times more potent[1].
In vitro, Sialyl-Lewis X inhibits human neutrophil and HL-60 cell adhesion. Studies have shown that 50% of HL-60 cell attachment is decreased by liposomes containing 5 μg/mL of Lex (Lewis X antigen). The compound binds to ELAM-1 and CD62 and has the ability to inhibit CD62-mediated neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites. As a high-affinity ligand for selectins, sLeX is used in in vitro adhesion assays to study the mechanisms of leukocyte rolling and adhesion. In these assays, endothelial cells are cultured and stimulated with inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β) to induce selectin expression. Fluorescently labeled leukocytes or leukocyte cell lines (e.g., HL-60) are then perfused over the endothelial monolayer in the presence or absence of sLeX, and the number of adherent cells is quantified. The compound's ability to inhibit adhesion is measured by comparing the number of adherent cells in the presence and absence of sLeX. In addition to adhesion assays, sLeX is used in binding studies to characterize its interactions with selectins using surface plasmon resonance or fluorescence-based techniques. The compound's role as a carbohydrate antigen makes it a valuable tool for studying glycan-mediated interactions in immunology and cancer research. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Sialyl-Lewis X plays a crucial role in mediating interactions between cells and is important in various biological and pathological processes, including cancer metastasis and immune response. The compound facilitates leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation by mediating the initial capture and rolling of leukocytes on vascular endothelium. In cancer, sLeX is expressed in high frequency in tumor tissue where it plays a role in adhesion between tumor cells and blood endothelial cells during metastasis. The compound has been studied in animal models of inflammation and cancer metastasis. In models of acute inflammation, sLeX or its analogs have been shown to reduce leukocyte recruitment and tissue damage. In models of cancer metastasis, inhibition of sLeX-selectin interactions has been shown to reduce tumor cell adhesion and metastasis. The compound's role as a high-affinity ligand for selectins makes it a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer. However, comprehensive in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies have not been extensively reported. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize the compound's therapeutic potential and safety profile.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme and receptor binding assays for Sialyl-Lewis X typically involve the use of selectin proteins to study glycan-protein interactions. For selectin binding assays, recombinant E-, P-, or L-selectin is immobilized on a sensor chip or microtiter plate, and sLeX or its derivatives are flowed over the surface. Binding is measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which provides real-time kinetic parameters (ka, kd, KD). Alternatively, fluorescence polarization or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) formats can be used to measure binding affinity. In these assays, sLeX is typically conjugated to a fluorescent label or biotin for detection. For adhesion assays, endothelial cells are cultured in 96-well plates and stimulated with TNF-α or IL-1β to induce E-selectin expression. Fluorescently labeled HL-60 cells or human neutrophils are added to the wells in the presence or absence of sLeX, and after washing, the number of adherent cells is quantified by fluorescence measurement. The concentration of sLeX that inhibits 50% of cell adhesion (IC₅₀) is determined from dose-response curves. Typical assay conditions include incubation at 37°C in appropriate buffer systems (e.g., HBSS with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺), with washing steps to remove non-adherent cells.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Sialyl-Lewis X are performed using leukocyte cell lines (e.g., HL-60) or primary human neutrophils. Cells are cultured in appropriate medium and labeled with fluorescent dyes (e.g., Calcein-AM) for adhesion assays. Endothelial cells (e.g., HUVEC) are cultured in 96-well plates and stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 4-6 hours to induce E-selectin expression. The labeled leukocytes are then added to the endothelial monolayer in the presence or absence of sLeX at various concentrations (typically 0.1-100 μg/mL). After incubation at 37°C for 30-60 minutes, non-adherent cells are removed by washing, and the fluorescence of adherent cells is measured. The percentage of adhesion inhibition is calculated relative to control wells without sLeX. For studies of leukocyte rolling under flow, a flow chamber system is used, where endothelial cells are cultured on glass slides and assembled into a flow chamber. Labeled leukocytes are perfused over the endothelial monolayer at a defined shear stress, and the number of rolling and adherent cells is quantified by video microscopy. Each experiment includes appropriate controls (untreated cells, vehicle controls) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability. The compound is typically dissolved in PBS or cell culture medium for use in these assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with Sialyl-Lewis X or its analogs are conducted in mouse models of inflammation or cancer metastasis. For models of acute inflammation, mice are administered sLeX or a sLeX-containing compound via intravenous injection prior to the induction of inflammation (e.g., by intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate or by local administration of TNF-α). The recruitment of neutrophils to the site of inflammation is assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity or by counting cells in peritoneal lavage fluid. For models of cancer metastasis, tumor cells that express sLeX are injected intravenously into mice, and the formation of lung metastases is assessed after 2-4 weeks. The effects of sLeX or sLeX inhibitors on metastasis are evaluated by counting the number of metastatic nodules in the lungs. For studies of selectin blockade, antibodies or small molecule inhibitors of selectins are used in combination with sLeX to study the role of selectin-sLeX interactions in vivo. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines, with appropriate sample sizes (typically n=6-10 per group) to ensure statistical power. The compound is formulated for administration using appropriate vehicles such as saline or PBS. Endpoints include leukocyte recruitment, tumor metastasis, and histopathological examination.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Sialyl-Lewis X are characteristic of a carbohydrate molecule. As a tetrasaccharide with a molecular weight of approximately 794 g/mol, the compound is expected to have limited oral bioavailability due to its size and polarity. Following intravenous administration, the compound is distributed primarily in the plasma compartment, with limited tissue penetration. The compound is rapidly cleared from circulation, with a half-life of minutes to hours, due to renal filtration and potential metabolism by glycosidases. The compound's pharmacokinetics may be improved by conjugation to carriers such as liposomes or polymers, which can extend its circulation time and improve its bioavailability. The compound's role as a carbohydrate antigen means that it may be subject to immune recognition and clearance. As with all research chemicals, appropriate pharmacokinetic studies should be conducted to fully characterize the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of Sialyl-Lewis X has not been extensively characterized in formal toxicology studies. As an endogenous antigen expressed on cell surfaces, the compound is naturally present in the human body and is expected to be relatively non-toxic. The compound is a carbohydrate that is metabolized through normal glycan degradation pathways. In cell-based assays, sLeX has been shown to inhibit neutrophil adhesion without causing cytotoxicity. However, comprehensive toxicology studies including acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity assessments, as well as genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity evaluations, have not been reported. The compound is classified as a research chemical and is not approved for human use. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. As with all chemicals, ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact should be avoided. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture. The absence of reported severe adverse effects in published studies suggests a favorable safety profile, but formal toxicological characterization would be required for clinical development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Sialized Lewis X antigen expressed on the cell surface. It is a ligand for selectins.
Sialyl-Lewis X is a valuable research tool for studying cell adhesion, immune response, and cancer metastasis. It is a sialylated fucosylated tetrasaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate antigen and an endogenous antigen. The compound is a high-affinity ligand for selectins (E-, P-, and L-selectin). It binds to ELAM-1 and CD62 and has the ability to inhibit CD62-mediated neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites. Sialyl-Lewis X plays a crucial role in mediating interactions between cells and is important in various biological and pathological processes, including cancer metastasis and immune response. The Sialyl-Lewis structure inhibits human neutrophil and HL-60 cell adhesion. The compound is also known as the blood group antigen, cluster of differentiation 15s (CD15s), or stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1). It is not approved for any clinical indication and is strictly for research use only. Its role in cell adhesion, immune response, and cancer metastasis makes it a critical target for research in immunology, oncology, and inflammation. |
| Molecular Formula |
C31H52N2O23
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
820.74
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| Exact Mass |
820.296
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| CAS # |
98603-84-0
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| PubChem CID |
643990
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.66g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1285.8ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
731.4ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.653
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| LogP |
-8.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
15
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
23
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
18
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| Heavy Atom Count |
56
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| Complexity |
1320
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
20
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]([C@H](C=O)NC(=O)C)[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
LAQPKDLYOBZWBT-NYLDSJSYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C31H52N2O23/c1-9-18(43)21(46)22(47)28(51-9)53-24(12(5-34)32-10(2)38)25(15(42)7-36)54-29-23(48)27(20(45)16(8-37)52-29)56-31(30(49)50)4-13(40)17(33-11(3)39)26(55-31)19(44)14(41)6-35/h5,9,12-29,35-37,40-48H,4,6-8H2,1-3H3,(H,32,38)(H,33,39)(H,49,50)/t9-,12-,13-,14+,15+,16+,17+,18+,19+,20-,21+,22-,23+,24+,25+,26+,27-,28-,29-,31-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-acetamido-1,2-dihydroxy-6-oxo-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyhexan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2184 mL | 6.0921 mL | 12.1841 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2437 mL | 1.2184 mL | 2.4368 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1218 mL | 0.6092 mL | 1.2184 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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