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| Targets |
As a stable isotope-labeled compound, L-Serine-13C3,15N does not exert its effects through binding to specific pharmacological targets in the traditional sense. Instead, its "target" is the metabolic pathways in which L-serine participates. L-serine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a critical role in cellular proliferation. It is involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, acts as a proteinogenic compound, and serves as a precursor for antibacterial and antifungal agents. In cells, L-serine is incorporated into proteins and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other important biomolecules including glycine, cysteine, and phospholipids. The ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled version of L-serine enables researchers to track the fate of both carbon and nitrogen atoms through these various metabolic pathways. By following the isotope labels using mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, investigators can quantify the flux of serine through different metabolic routes, identify metabolic bottlenecks, and assess the impact of genetic or pharmacological perturbations on serine metabolism. This makes L-Serine-13C3,15N a powerful tool for studying metabolic diseases, cancer metabolism, and the role of serine in cellular physiology.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, L-Serine-13C3,15N is used as an internal standard and tracer in mass spectrometry and metabolic studies. The compound is commonly employed in LC-MS/MS or GC-MS assays for the quantification of L-serine and its metabolites in biological samples. The dual labeling with both ¹³C and ¹⁵N provides a unique mass shift that allows for unambiguous identification and quantification of serine and its metabolites. As a tracer, L-Serine-13C3,15N is added to cell culture media to study serine uptake, metabolism, and incorporation into proteins and other biomolecules. In metabolic flux analysis, cells are cultured in media containing L-Serine-13C3,15N, and the incorporation of ¹³C and ¹⁵N into downstream metabolites is measured over time. This allows researchers to quantify the rates of serine metabolism through various pathways, including the synthesis of glycine, cysteine, and one-carbon units. The high isotopic enrichment (98 atom% ¹³C and 98 atom% ¹⁵N) ensures accurate and reproducible results in these experiments. The compound is soluble in water, facilitating its addition to aqueous cell culture media and biochemical assay buffers. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Serine-13C3,15N is used as a tracer to study serine metabolism in whole organisms. Following administration to animals (typically via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous infusion), the compound is distributed throughout the body and incorporated into various metabolic pathways. The dual isotope labeling allows for simultaneous tracking of both carbon and nitrogen atoms, providing comprehensive information about serine metabolism. Blood and tissue samples are collected at various time points, and the ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment of serine and its metabolites is measured by mass spectrometry. This allows researchers to quantify serine metabolism in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on serine homeostasis, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions. In metabolic flux analysis in vivo, L-Serine-13C3,15N is often administered as a bolus or as a continuous infusion, and the labeling pattern of metabolites is analyzed using mathematical models to calculate metabolic fluxes. The compound is also used in stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) experiments for quantitative proteomics, although this application is more common for labeled lysine and arginine.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme and receptor binding assays are not typically performed with L-Serine-13C3,15N, as it is not a pharmacologically active compound in the traditional sense. Instead, the compound is used as a labeled substrate or internal standard in enzymatic assays. For example, in assays of serine metabolism, L-Serine-13C3,15N can be used as a substrate for enzymes such as serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), which converts serine to glycine. The reaction products are analyzed by mass spectrometry to measure enzyme activity and kinetics. Similarly, L-Serine-13C3,15N can be used to study the activity of other enzymes involved in serine metabolism, including serine racemase, D-serine dehydratase, and phosphoserine phosphatase. In these assays, the enzyme is incubated with L-Serine-13C3,15N and other necessary cofactors, and the production of labeled products is monitored over time. The use of a dual-labeled substrate allows for the specific detection of enzyme-derived products without interference from endogenous unlabeled metabolites. These assays are typically performed in buffered solutions at physiological pH and temperature, with reaction termination by addition of acid or organic solvent.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based experiments with L-Serine-13C3,15N involve adding the labeled compound to cell culture media and studying its uptake and metabolism. Cells are cultured in standard growth media, and L-Serine-13C3,15N is added at various concentrations (typically 0.1-10 mM) for varying periods (minutes to hours). Following incubation, cells are harvested, and intracellular metabolites are extracted using organic solvents or perchloric acid. The extracts are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS to measure the ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment of serine and its downstream metabolites. This allows researchers to quantify serine uptake, incorporation into proteins, and conversion to other metabolites such as glycine, cysteine, and one-carbon units. In metabolic flux analysis experiments, cells are cultured in media containing L-Serine-13C3,15N for several hours or days, and the labeling pattern of metabolites is analyzed to calculate metabolic fluxes. The compound is also used in pulse-chase experiments, where cells are briefly exposed to L-Serine-13C3,15N (pulse) and then switched to unlabeled media (chase) to study the turnover of serine-containing molecules. Cell viability is routinely monitored to ensure that the labeled compound does not affect cell health. Each experiment includes appropriate controls (unlabeled cells, vehicle controls) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with L-Serine-13C3,15N involve administration of the labeled compound to animals followed by collection of blood and tissue samples for mass spectrometry analysis. The compound is typically administered via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous infusion at doses ranging from 10-100 mg/kg. Following administration, blood samples are collected at various time points (typically 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes) to measure the appearance and disappearance of labeled serine in the circulation. At the end of the experiment, animals are euthanized, and tissues (liver, kidney, brain, muscle) are collected for analysis. Metabolites are extracted from plasma and tissues, and the ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment of serine and its metabolites is measured by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS. This allows researchers to quantify serine metabolism in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on serine homeostasis, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions. In metabolic flux analysis experiments, L-Serine-13C3,15N is often administered as a continuous infusion to achieve steady-state labeling, and the labeling pattern of metabolites is analyzed to calculate metabolic fluxes. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines, with appropriate sample sizes (typically n=4-6 per group) to ensure statistical power.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of L-Serine-13C3,15N are studied using the isotope labels to track the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of L-serine. Following oral or intravenous administration, the compound is rapidly absorbed and distributed to tissues. The ¹³C and ¹⁵N labels allow for the specific detection of administered L-serine in biological samples without interference from endogenous unlabeled serine. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, and bioavailability can be calculated from the concentration-time profiles of labeled serine in plasma and tissues. L-serine is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized in the human body and is involved in various metabolic pathways. It is transported across cell membranes by amino acid transporters and is metabolized through several pathways, including conversion to glycine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase, conversion to cysteine through the transsulfuration pathway, and incorporation into proteins. The labeled compound enables precise tracking of these metabolic processes. The pharmacokinetics of L-Serine-13C3,15N are expected to be similar to those of unlabeled L-serine, with rapid distribution and elimination.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of L-Serine-13C3,15N is consistent with that of natural L-serine, a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized in the human body and is generally recognized as safe at physiological concentrations. L-serine is a normal component of the diet and is involved in various metabolic pathways. The ¹³C and ¹⁵N labels are stable isotopes that do not impart any additional toxicity to the compound. The compound is supplied as a high-purity research chemical for laboratory use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture. As with all chemicals, ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact should be avoided. The compound's safety profile is supported by the extensive use of stable isotope-labeled amino acids in research and clinical diagnostics. There are no known adverse effects associated with the use of L-Serine-13C3,15N at the concentrations typically used in research applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Serine-13C3,15N is a valuable research tool for metabolic studies, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. The dual labeling with both ¹³C and ¹⁵N enables simultaneous tracking of both carbon and nitrogen atoms through metabolic pathways, providing more comprehensive information about metabolic flux than single-labeled tracers. L-serine is one of the non-essential amino acids that plays a critical role in cellular proliferation. It is involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, acts as a proteinogenic compound, and serves as a precursor for antibacterial and antifungal agents. The labeled compound is used in various scientific research fields, including metabolic studies, proteomics, and metabolomics. It is not a drug and is not approved for any clinical indication. It is strictly for research use only. Its high isotopic enrichment (typically 98 atom% ¹³C and 98 atom% ¹⁵N) ensures accurate and reproducible results in analytical applications. The compound is soluble in water for easy preparation of standards and solutions. L-Serine-13C3,15N is an essential tool for studying cellular metabolism, including metabolic diseases, cancer metabolism, and the role of serine in cellular physiology.
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| Molecular Formula |
13C3H715NO3
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| Molecular Weight |
109.06
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| Exact Mass |
109.05
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| CAS # |
202407-34-9
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| Related CAS # |
L-Serine;56-45-1
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| PubChem CID |
71310240
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
-3.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
7
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| Complexity |
72.6
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[13CH2]([13C@@H]([13C](=O)O)[15NH2])O
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| InChi Key |
MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UVYXLFMMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1/i1+1,2+1,3+1,4+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-(15N)azanyl-3-hydroxy(1,2,3-13C3)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.1693 mL | 45.8463 mL | 91.6926 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8339 mL | 9.1693 mL | 18.3385 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9169 mL | 4.5846 mL | 9.1693 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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