| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-Tyrosine-d7 is the deuterium-labeled form of L-tyrosine, which is a non-essential amino acid that can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. L-Tyrosine is a precursor for the synthesis of important neurotransmitters including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, which are involved in mood regulation, stress responses, and cognitive function. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and melanin. The deuterated form, L-Tyrosine-d7, does not exert pharmacological effects through traditional target binding but serves as a tracer for studying the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of L-tyrosine. The deuterium label allows for the specific detection of the compound in biological samples, enabling researchers to study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of L-tyrosine. This makes L-Tyrosine-d7 a valuable tool for studying protein synthesis, neurotransmitter metabolism, and the role of tyrosine in health and disease.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, L-Tyrosine-d7 is primarily employed as an internal standard for the absolute quantification of L-tyrosine and its metabolites via LC-MS/MS. The compound is added to biological samples (e.g., plasma, urine, cell lysates) at known concentrations prior to sample preparation to correct for matrix effects, extraction efficiency, and instrument variability. The deuterium labeling ensures that the compound can be distinguished from endogenous L-tyrosine in mass spectrometry-based assays, allowing for accurate quantification even in complex biological matrices. In metabolic studies, L-Tyrosine-d7 is added to cell culture media to study tyrosine uptake, metabolism, and incorporation into proteins. Cells are cultured in standard growth media, and L-Tyrosine-d7 is added at various concentrations for varying periods. Following incubation, cells and culture media are collected, and metabolites are extracted using appropriate methods. The extracts are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS to measure the deuterium-labeled tyrosine and its metabolites. This allows researchers to quantify tyrosine uptake, incorporation into proteins, and conversion to downstream metabolites such as dopamine and thyroid hormones. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Tyrosine-d7 serves as a tracer in metabolic flux studies to investigate the kinetics of tyrosine metabolism. Following administration to animals (typically via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous infusion), the compound is distributed throughout the body and incorporated into various metabolic pathways. The deuterium label allows for the specific detection of administered L-tyrosine in biological samples without interference from endogenous unlabeled L-tyrosine. Blood and tissue samples are collected at various time points, and the deuterium enrichment of tyrosine and its metabolites is measured by LC-MS/MS. This allows researchers to quantify tyrosine metabolism in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on tyrosine homeostasis, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions. In metabolic flux analysis experiments, L-Tyrosine-d7 is often administered as a bolus or as a continuous infusion, and the labeling pattern of metabolites is analyzed using mathematical models to calculate metabolic fluxes. The compound is also used in stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) experiments for quantitative proteomics.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme and receptor binding assays are not typically performed with L-Tyrosine-d7, as it is not a pharmacologically active compound in the traditional sense. Instead, the compound is used as a labeled substrate or internal standard in enzymatic assays. For example, in assays of tyrosine metabolism, L-Tyrosine-d7 can be used as a substrate for enzymes such as tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, or for tyrosinase, which converts tyrosine to melanin. The reaction products are analyzed by mass spectrometry to measure enzyme activity and kinetics. Similarly, L-Tyrosine-d7 can be used to study the activity of other enzymes involved in tyrosine metabolism, including tyrosine aminotransferase and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. In these assays, the enzyme is incubated with L-Tyrosine-d7 and other necessary cofactors, and the production of labeled products is monitored over time. The use of a labeled substrate allows for the specific detection of enzyme-derived products without interference from endogenous unlabeled metabolites. These assays are typically performed in buffered solutions at physiological pH and temperature, with reaction termination by addition of acid or organic solvent.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based experiments with L-Tyrosine-d7 involve adding the labeled compound to cell culture media and studying its uptake and metabolism. Cells are cultured in standard growth media, and L-Tyrosine-d7 is added at various concentrations (typically 0.1-10 mM) for varying periods (minutes to hours). Following incubation, cells are harvested, and intracellular metabolites are extracted using organic solvents or perchloric acid. The extracts are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS to measure the deuterium enrichment of tyrosine and its downstream metabolites. This allows researchers to quantify tyrosine uptake, incorporation into proteins, and conversion to other metabolites such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and melanin. In metabolic flux analysis experiments, cells are cultured in media containing L-Tyrosine-d7 for several hours or days, and the labeling pattern of metabolites is analyzed to calculate metabolic fluxes. The compound is also used in pulse-chase experiments, where cells are briefly exposed to L-Tyrosine-d7 (pulse) and then switched to unlabeled media (chase) to study the turnover of tyrosine-containing molecules. Cell viability is routinely monitored to ensure that the labeled compound does not affect cell health. Each experiment includes appropriate controls (unlabeled cells, vehicle controls) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with L-Tyrosine-d7 involve administration of the labeled compound to animals followed by collection of blood and tissue samples for mass spectrometry analysis. The compound is typically administered via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous infusion at doses ranging from 10-100 mg/kg. Following administration, blood samples are collected at various time points (typically 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes) to measure the appearance and disappearance of labeled tyrosine in the circulation. At the end of the experiment, animals are euthanized, and tissues (liver, kidney, brain, muscle) are collected for analysis. Metabolites are extracted from plasma and tissues, and the deuterium enrichment of tyrosine and its metabolites is measured by LC-MS/MS. This allows researchers to quantify tyrosine metabolism in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on tyrosine homeostasis, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines, with appropriate sample sizes (typically n=4-6 per group) to ensure statistical power.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of L-Tyrosine-d7 are studied using the isotope label to track the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of L-tyrosine. Following oral or intravenous administration, the compound is rapidly absorbed and distributed to tissues. The deuterium label allows for the specific detection of administered L-tyrosine in biological samples without interference from endogenous unlabeled L-tyrosine. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, and bioavailability can be calculated from the concentration-time profiles of labeled tyrosine in plasma and tissues. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized in the human body and is involved in various metabolic pathways. It is transported across cell membranes by amino acid transporters and is metabolized through several pathways, including conversion to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, as well as to thyroid hormones and melanin. The labeled compound enables precise tracking of these metabolic processes. The pharmacokinetics of L-Tyrosine-d7 are expected to be similar to those of unlabeled L-tyrosine, with rapid distribution and elimination.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of L-Tyrosine-d7 is consistent with that of natural L-tyrosine, a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized in the human body and is generally recognized as safe at physiological concentrations. L-Tyrosine is a normal component of the diet and is involved in various metabolic pathways. The deuterium label is a stable isotope that does not impart any additional toxicity to the compound. The compound is supplied as a high-purity research chemical for laboratory use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture. As with all chemicals, ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact should be avoided.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Tyrosine-d7 is a valuable research tool for metabolic studies, mass spectrometry, and protein synthesis research. It is the deuterium-labeled form of the non-essential amino acid L-tyrosine, where seven hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuterium. L-Tyrosine-d7 has the molecular formula C₉H₄D₇NO₃ and a molecular weight of 188.23 g/mol. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. The compound is invaluable for studying neurotransmitter synthesis, and protein turnover, and understanding the role of tyrosine in cellular physiology and disease processes with enhanced precision. It is not a drug and is not approved for any clinical indication. It is strictly for research use only. Its high purity and isotopic enrichment ensure accurate and reproducible results in analytical applications. L-Tyrosine-d7 is an essential tool for studying protein synthesis, neurotransmitter metabolism, and the role of tyrosine in health and disease.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C9H4D7NO3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
188.23
|
| Exact Mass |
188.117
|
| CAS # |
130551-49-4
|
| Related CAS # |
L-Tyrosine;60-18-4
|
| PubChem CID |
10513366
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
385.2±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
186.7±25.1 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.614
|
| LogP |
0.38
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
13
|
| Complexity |
176
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
[2H]C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1C([2H])([2H])[C@@]([2H])(C(=O)O)N)[2H])[2H])O)[2H]
|
| InChi Key |
OUYCCCASQSFEME-BKKGXISKSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1/i1D,2D,3D,4D,5D2,8D
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-2,3,3-trideuterio-3-(2,3,5,6-tetradeuterio-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.3126 mL | 26.5632 mL | 53.1265 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0625 mL | 5.3126 mL | 10.6253 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5313 mL | 2.6563 mL | 5.3126 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
