| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-Lactate dehydrogenase targets lactate and pyruvate as substrates. The enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate with the concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD⁺. It is a key enzyme in anaerobic metabolism and is used in diagnostic analysis.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, L-Lactate dehydrogenase is used in biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis. The reversible conversion of lactate to pyruvate is catalyzed by LDH and is driven to completion by excess NAD or NADH. The enzyme is used for the quantitative determination of either lactate or pyruvate in biological samples.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Lactate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in anaerobic metabolism, converting pyruvate to lactate during glycolysis when oxygen is limited. It is present in many tissues and is released into the bloodstream upon tissue damage. The enzyme is used as a diagnostic marker for various diseases, including myocardial infarction and liver disease.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for L-Lactate dehydrogenase activity involve incubating the enzyme with lactate and NAD⁺ (for the forward reaction) or pyruvate and NADH (for the reverse reaction) in buffer at pH 7.4-8.0. The reaction is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in absorbance at 340 nm due to NADH consumption or production. Enzyme activity is expressed in units per milliliter.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, L-Lactate dehydrogenase is not typically used as a treatment but rather as a marker of cell viability and cytotoxicity. LDH release into the culture medium is measured as an indicator of cell membrane damage. Cell culture supernatants are incubated with LDH substrate (lactate and NAD⁺), and the formation of NADH is measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, L-Lactate dehydrogenase is not administered as a drug. Instead, serum or plasma LDH activity is measured as a diagnostic marker for tissue damage. Blood samples are collected from rodents, and LDH activity is measured using colorimetric or spectrophotometric assays. Elevated LDH levels indicate tissue damage or disease.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Lactate dehydrogenase (MW ~140 kDa) is a tetrameric enzyme composed of four subunits. It is stable as a lyophilized powder and should be stored at -20°C. For assays, the enzyme should be diluted in Tris-HCl buffer (10 mM), pH 7.5 containing 1 mg/mL BSA. The enzyme is active at physiological pH and temperature. It requires NAD⁺ or NADH as cofactor.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound is for research use only. No specific toxicity data are available for the enzyme itself. As a protein, LDH is generally considered safe for research use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the enzyme.
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| References |
[1]. Simon ES, et al. D-lactate dehydrogenase. Substrate specificity and use as a catalyst in the synthesis of homochiral 2-hydroxy acids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1989 Nov;22(2):169-79.
[2]. Holmberg N, et al. Redesign of the coenzyme specificity in L-lactate dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus using site-directed mutagenesis and media engineering. Protein Eng. 1999 Oct;12(10):851-6. |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Lactate dehydrogenase (CAS# 9001-60-9) is an enzyme used primarily in research and diagnostic applications. It has not been investigated in clinical trials nor approved as a therapeutic drug. The enzyme is used for the quantitative determination of lactate or pyruvate and as a marker of cell viability and tissue damage. It is widely used in biochemical assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis.
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| Molecular Formula |
232-617-8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
0
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| Exact Mass |
334.109
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| CAS # |
9001-60-9
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| PubChem CID |
857560
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
1.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
495
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CN=C(C=N1)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)NC(C)C
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| InChi Key |
IUPDWMUZBVKRGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H18N4O3S/c1-10(2)19-23(21,22)13-6-4-12(5-7-13)18-15(20)14-9-16-11(3)8-17-14/h4-10,19H,1-3H3,(H,18,20)
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| Chemical Name |
5-methyl-N-[4-(propan-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl]pyrazine-2-carboxamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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