| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Glycolic acid-d2 targets tyrosinase, the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. As a deuterated form of glycolic acid, it is expected to have the same mechanism of action, inhibiting tyrosinase activity and suppressing melanin formation. Glycolic acid is also known to exfoliate the skin by disrupting the bonds between dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Glycolic acid-d2 is expected to demonstrate similar in vitro activity to glycolic acid. Glycolic acid is an inhibitor of tyrosinase, suppressing melanin formation. It also has exfoliating properties. As a deuterated compound, Glycolic acid-d2 is primarily used as an analytical standard rather than for activity assays. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for Glycolic acid-d2 are not documented. Glycolic acid is widely used in cosmetic and dermatological products for its exfoliating and skin-lightening effects. As a deuterated compound, Glycolic acid-d2 is not typically used for efficacy studies; its primary purpose is analytical.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The use of Glycolic acid-d2 in in vitro experiments is primarily analytical. It is used as an internal standard in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for the quantification of glycolic acid in biological samples. The compound is added to samples at a known concentration, and the ratio of glycolic acid to Glycolic acid-d2 is used to calculate the concentration of glycolic acid. This approach corrects for variations in sample preparation and instrument performance.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays are not typically performed with Glycolic acid-d2, as the compound is primarily used as an analytical standard. If cellular studies were performed, they would be similar to those for glycolic acid, assessing tyrosinase inhibition or exfoliation effects. However, the primary use of Glycolic acid-d2 is in analytical chemistry, not in cellular activity assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Glycolic acid-d2 is used in pharmacokinetic studies in animals and humans. The compound is administered as a tracer, and blood or tissue samples are collected at various time points. The concentration of Glycolic acid-d2 is measured by LC-MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, half-life, and AUC are calculated. The deuterium label allows for the tracking of glycolic acid and its metabolites.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Glycolic acid-d2 are similar to those of glycolic acid. As a small molecule with a molecular weight of 78.06, glycolic acid is well absorbed and distributed. It is metabolized and excreted. Glycolic acid-d2 is used as an internal standard in pharmacokinetic studies to accurately measure glycolic acid concentrations.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Glycolic acid-d2 is a stable isotope-labeled compound with a molecular weight of 78.06. It is stable if stored under recommended conditions. As a labeled compound, it is not typically used for toxicology studies; its primary use is analytical. Glycolic acid-d2 is for research use only and not for human use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Glycolic acid-d2 is the deuterium-labeled form of glycolic acid. Glycolic acid is a tyrosinase inhibitor that suppresses melanin formation. Glycolic acid-d2 is used as an internal standard in analytical methods and for pharmacokinetic studies of glycolic acid. The compound has a molecular weight of 78.06. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals have been reported.
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| Molecular Formula |
C2H2D2O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
78.06
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| Exact Mass |
78.028
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| CAS # |
75502-10-2
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| Related CAS # |
Glycolic acid;79-14-1
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| PubChem CID |
12224930
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-1.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
5
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| Complexity |
40.2
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])(C(=O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
AEMRFAOFKBGASW-DICFDUPASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)/i1D2
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| Chemical Name |
2,2-dideuterio-2-hydroxyacetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 12.8107 mL | 64.0533 mL | 128.1066 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.5621 mL | 12.8107 mL | 25.6213 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.2811 mL | 6.4053 mL | 12.8107 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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