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| Targets |
L-Proline-15N does not have a specific pharmacological receptor target. As a stable isotope-labeled compound, it is used as a tracer in metabolic studies. L-Proline is a proteinogenic amino acid involved in protein synthesis, collagen formation, and cellular metabolism. The 15N labeling allows for the tracking of nitrogen atoms through metabolic pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, L-Proline-15N is not used for biological activity assays. Its primary utility is as a tracer in metabolic studies to track the incorporation of proline into proteins and other metabolites. Cells are cultured in media containing the labeled proline, and the incorporation of 15N into proteins and metabolites is analyzed using mass spectrometry. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Proline-15N is used as a metabolic tracer to study protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and nitrogen flux. By administering the labeled compound and measuring the incorporation of 15N into proteins and metabolites using mass spectrometry, researchers can map metabolic pathways. It is used in studies of protein turnover and amino acid metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cell-based assays, L-Proline-15N is used as an analytical standard. Its identity and purity are confirmed using techniques such as NMR and mass spectrometry. It is not used in receptor binding assays. Its role is to serve as a quantitative tracer in metabolic studies, enabling the tracking of nitrogen through proline metabolic pathways.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, cells are cultured in media containing L-Proline-15N instead of unlabeled proline. The cells incorporate the labeled proline into proteins and other metabolites. After a defined incubation period, cells are harvested, and proteins or metabolites are extracted. The incorporation of 15N is analyzed using mass spectrometry to determine protein synthesis rates and metabolic fluxes.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, L-Proline-15N can be administered to rodents via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Blood or tissue samples are collected at various time points post-administration. The samples are processed and analyzed by mass spectrometry to track the distribution and metabolism of the labeled proline. This allows for the study of protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism in vivo.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Proline-15N has a molecular weight of 116.13 g/mol and a molecular formula of C5H9NO2 (with one 15N atom). It is a 15N-labeled compound. The compound is soluble in water. It should be stored at room temperature for short-term use or at -20°C for long-term stability. It is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of L-Proline-15N is not applicable, as it is used as a metabolic tracer at very low concentrations. The 15N labeling is not expected to introduce new toxicities, as nitrogen-15 is a stable, non-radioactive isotope. The compound is not intended for human consumption. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Proline-15N (CAS 59681-31-1) is the 15N-labeled form of L-Proline, where the nitrogen atom is enriched with the 15N isotope. It is used as a tracer in metabolic studies to track protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and nitrogen flux. It is available for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C5H9NO2
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| Molecular Weight |
116.123870611191
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| Exact Mass |
116.06
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| CAS # |
59681-31-1
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| Related CAS # |
L-Proline;147-85-3
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| PubChem CID |
71310239
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-2.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
103
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
OC([C@@H]1CCC[15NH]1)=O
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| InChi Key |
ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-JGTYJTGKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H9NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/i6+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-(115N)azolidine-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.6118 mL | 43.0589 mL | 86.1178 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7224 mL | 8.6118 mL | 17.2236 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8612 mL | 4.3059 mL | 8.6118 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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