| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Endogenous Metabolite; no specific drug target, but serves as a diagnostic biomarker for porphyrin metabolism disorders.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Endogenous metabolites are those that the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes has identified as products or substrates of the approximately 1900 metabolic enzymes that are encoded in human genome. Numerous of these metabolites have been shown to have harmful effects, as evidenced by the body of literature [1].
Coprophyrin I is an endogenous metabolite present in urine and blood. It is utilized in research of liver disease and porphyria. As a porphyrin, it exhibits characteristic fluorescence properties upon excitation, which can be exploited for detection. Abnormal urinary excretion patterns serve as indicators of various disorders of porphyrin metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
Elevated levels of coproporphyrin I in urine and blood are associated with various forms of porphyria, particularly hereditary coproporphyria and variegate porphyria. It is also used as a biomarker for liver disease and for monitoring exposure to certain environmental toxins. Urinary coproporphyrin I levels may be altered in patients with hepatitis, cirrhosis, and other hepatobiliary disorders.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Receptor binding assays are not applicable. Standard analytical protocols for coproporphyrin I detection in biological samples involve high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Sample preparation includes acidification and extraction of porphyrins from urine or blood. Quantification is achieved using external calibration curves with coproporphyrin standards.
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| Cell Assay |
Not applicable as this is an endogenous metabolite and biomarker rather than a drug candidate. For in vitro studies of heme biosynthesis, primary hepatocytes or erythroid cells can be cultured with various agents that induce porphyrin accumulation. Cellular porphyrin content is extracted and analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection to assess coproporphyrin I levels.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for coproporphyrin I are typically conducted in rodent models of porphyria. Animals may be treated with porphyrinogenic agents such as drugs or chemicals that inhibit heme synthesis. Urine and fecal samples are collected at multiple time points, and porphyrin profiles including coproporphyrin I are analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an endogenous metabolite, pharmacokinetic properties are not applicable. Coproporphyrin I is naturally produced as an intermediate in the heme biosynthesis pathway in the mitochondria. It is normally excreted in small amounts in urine and feces. Abnormal accumulation occurs when enzymes in the heme synthesis pathway are deficient or inhibited.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As an endogenous metabolite present in all humans, coproporphyrin I is not toxic at physiological levels. However, severe accumulation in porphyria can lead to photosensitivity, neurovisceral symptoms, and liver damage. The compound is used as a diagnostic biomarker; elevated levels indicate underlying disease rather than causing direct toxicity.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Coproporphyrin I is a Coproporphyrin. It is a human metabolite. It is the conjugate acid of Coproporphyrin I(4-). Coproporphyrin I has been reported to have been found in Sphingopyxis, and relevant data are available for reference.
Coproporphyrin I is an endogenous metabolite and research tool, not a therapeutic agent. It is classified as a KEGG-endogenous metabolite and is frequently used as a reference standard in clinical chemistry. The compound has no approved clinical indications for therapeutic use. Measurement of urinary coproporphyrin isomers (I and III) aids in differential diagnosis of porphyrias and liver dysfunction. |
| Molecular Formula |
C36H38N4O8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
654.71
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| Exact Mass |
654.269
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| CAS # |
531-14-6
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| Related CAS # |
69477-27-6(DIHYDROCHLORIDE)
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| PubChem CID |
68271
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Index of Refraction |
1.638
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| LogP |
3.093
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
48
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| Complexity |
1170
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CC4=NC(=CC5=C(C(=C(N5)C=C1N2)CCC(=O)O)C)C(=C4C)CCC(=O)O)C(=C3C)CCC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
VCCUOZSDXVZCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C36H38N4O8/c1-17-21(5-9-33(41)42)29-14-26-19(3)23(7-11-35(45)46)31(39-26)16-28-20(4)24(8-12-36(47)48)32(40-28)15-27-18(2)22(6-10-34(43)44)30(38-27)13-25(17)37-29/h13-16,37-38H,5-12H2,1-4H3,(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H,45,46)(H,47,48)
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| Chemical Name |
3-[7,12,17-tris(2-carboxyethyl)-3,8,13,18-tetramethyl-21,22-dihydroporphyrin-2-yl]propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5274 mL | 7.6370 mL | 15.2739 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3055 mL | 1.5274 mL | 3.0548 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1527 mL | 0.7637 mL | 1.5274 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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