| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
NMDA Receptor
Same as unlabeled L‑phenylalanine: competitive antagonist of the glycine and glutamate binding sites on the NMDA receptor (KB 573 uM), voltage‑dependent alpha2delta subunit Ca2+ channel antagonist (Ki 980 nM), substrate for amino acid transporters (LAT1, SNAT) and enzymes (phenylalanine hydroxylase). The uniform ¹3C labeling of the benzene ring does not alter these interactions. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Not applicable. L-Phenylalanine-13C6 is not used for measuring pharmacological activity. It is an analytical standard and metabolic tracer. The label allows precise quantification of phenylalanine in complex biological matrices without the need for derivatization of the aromatic ring, as all six ring carbons are labeled, providing a mass shift of +6 Da. |
| Enzyme Assay |
L-Phenylalanine-13C6 is used as an internal standard. A stock solution is prepared in methanol/water or 0.1% formic acid at 1 mg/mL. Calibration standards are prepared by spiking blank biological matrix (e.g., plasma, urine, CSF) with known concentrations of unlabeled L‑phenylalanine (0.1-1000 ng/mL) and a fixed concentration of L‑Phenylalanine-13C6 (50-100 ng/mL). For LC‑MS/MS, proteins are precipitated with 3‑5 volumes of acetonitrile containing the internal standard. After centrifugation, the supernatant is evaporated and reconstituted in mobile phase (0.1% formic acid in water/methanol). Analysis is performed in MRM mode: m/z 166.17 → 120.1 for unlabeled phenylalanine; m/z 172.17 → 126.1 for L‑Phenylalanine-13C6 (since all six ring carbons are ¹3C, the molecular weight is 6 Da higher). The peak area ratio (analyte/IS) is used for quantification.
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| Cell Assay |
L-Phenylalanine-13C6 can be used in metabolic labeling experiments. Cells (e.g., hepatocytes, neurons, cancer cells) are cultured in medium containing L‑Phenylalanine-13C6 (5-100 uM) for 24-72 hours. The labeled phenylalanine is incorporated into cellular proteins (via translation) and metabolized to tyrosine (13C6-labeled), and further to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine). Cells are harvested, lysed, and proteins are hydrolyzed. The amino acids are derivatized (e.g., dansyl chloride, AccQ‑Tag) and analyzed by LC‑MS/MS. The ¹3C label enables tracking of the metabolic fate of the entire phenylalanine molecule, including the aromatic ring. Unlike single‑position labeled phenylalanine (e.g., C3‑13C), the uniformly labeled version (ring‑13C6) allows measurement of ring retention vs. cleavage. No functional activity assays are performed.
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| Animal Protocol |
L-Phenylalanine-13C6 is used in ADME and metabolic flux studies. Animals (e.g., male Sprague‑Dawley rats, 200-300 g; or C57BL/6 mice, 20-30 g) are administered a tracer dose of L‑Phenylalanine-13C6 (0.1-10 mg/kg) via oral gavage or intravenous injection, either alone or in combination with unlabeled phenylalanine or a drug. Blood is collected at predetermined time points (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h), and plasma is separated. Tissues (liver, kidney, brain, heart) are collected at termination. Samples are processed as described under "Cell‑Free Protocol," and the concentration of unlabeled phenylalanine is calculated using L‑Phenylalanine-13C6 as an internal standard. Metabolic flux can be assessed by measuring the conversion of the labeled phenylalanine to labeled tyrosine and labeled CO2. In stable isotope‑labeled tracer studies, the enrichment of ¹3C in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and other metabolites is measured by high‑resolution mass spectrometry.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Phenylalanine-13C6 (MW 171.18, C¹3C₆H11NO2, i.e., 6 ¹3C atoms in the ring plus 3 unlabeled carbons in the side chain) is a stable isotope‑labeled compound with 99 atom% ¹3C enrichment in the six ring carbons. It has the same chemical and physical properties as unlabeled L‑phenylalanine (zwitterion, water‑soluble). The uniform labeling of the aromatic ring does not alter its absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. L‑Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid with a plasma half‑life of ~1-2 h in humans, transported by LAT1, and metabolized to tyrosine by phenylalanine hydroxylase. The labeled compound is not metabolically altered by the presence of ¹3C. Excretion occurs as metabolites (tyrosine, hippurate) or as unchanged compound in urine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Phenylalanine-13C6 is chemically stable and non‑toxic at the concentrations used as an internal standard (ng/mL levels) or as a tracer (mg/kg levels). Unlabeled L‑phenylalanine is an endogenous essential amino acid with an established safety profile; dietary intake is 1-2 g/day. High doses (>10 g/day) can cause neurotoxicity in susceptible individuals, but such doses are not used in research with the labeled compound. L-Phenylalanine-13C6 has no known acute or chronic toxicity at tracer doses. No genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, or reproductive toxicity data are specifically available for the labeled compound. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic solvents and chemicals should be followed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Phenylalanine-1,2,3,4,5,6-13C6 is a (13)C modified compound.
L-Phenylalanine-13C6 (CAS 180268-82-0) is a stable isotope‑labeled essential amino acid where all six carbon atoms of the benzene ring are enriched with 99 atom% ¹3C. It is used as an internal standard for LC‑MS/MS quantification of phenylalanine in biological samples and as a tracer in metabolic flux studies. The parent compound L‑phenylalanine is a precursor for catecholamines and a NMDA receptor antagonist. The labeled analog has no approved therapeutic use and is strictly for research applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C313C6H11NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
171.15
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| Exact Mass |
171.099
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| CAS # |
180268-82-0
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| Related CAS # |
L-Phenylalanine;63-91-2
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| PubChem CID |
71309396
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
239-242° C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.576
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| LogP |
-1.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
153
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
OC([C@H](C[13C]1[13CH]=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH][13CH]=1)N)=O
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| InChi Key |
COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H11NO2/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12)
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.8428 mL | 29.2141 mL | 58.4283 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1686 mL | 5.8428 mL | 11.6857 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5843 mL | 2.9214 mL | 5.8428 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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