| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
NMDA Receptor
L-Phenylalanine-13C does not have a distinct pharmacological target separate from natural L-phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of L-tyrosine, which is further metabolized to L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. L-Phenylalanine also acts as a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of NMDARs (KB of 573 μM) and non-NMDARs, respectively. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope-labeled compound, L-Phenylalanine-13C does not exhibit pharmacological activity distinct from that of natural L-phenylalanine. The 13C labeling does not alter the biological activity of L-phenylalanine, as the isotopic substitution does not affect the compound's chemical reactivity or metabolic properties. Therefore, the in vitro activity of L-Phenylalanine-13C is identical to that of unlabeled L-phenylalanine. In cell culture studies, the labeled compound is used as a metabolic tracer to track the incorporation of phenylalanine-derived carbon into cellular metabolites. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Phenylalanine-13C is used primarily as a metabolic tracer rather than a pharmacologically active compound. When administered to animals or human subjects, the 13C label allows researchers to trace the metabolic fate of phenylalanine-derived carbon in various tissues and biological fluids. The compound is used to evaluate the 13CO2 level of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity via the 13C phenylalanine breath test.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for L-Phenylalanine-13C are typically not performed to evaluate receptor binding or enzyme inhibition, as the compound is used as a metabolic tracer rather than a pharmacological modulator. However, for reference, L-phenylalanine binding to NMDA receptors can be studied using radioligand binding assays. L-Phenylalanine-13C itself is not typically used in such assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using L-Phenylalanine-13C typically involve the incubation of cultured cells with the labeled compound to study phenylalanine metabolism. Cells are cultured in media containing the labeled phenylalanine, and after a designated incubation period, metabolites are extracted and analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine the incorporation of the 13C label into various metabolites.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with L-Phenylalanine-13C typically involve the administration of the labeled compound to rodents or other model organisms via oral gavage or intravenous injection. Following administration, breath, blood, tissues, and urine are collected at various time points, and the samples are analyzed by mass spectrometry to trace the metabolic fate of the labeled carbon. The 13C phenylalanine breath test is used to evaluate phenylalanine hydroxylase activity.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Phenylalanine-13C is not a drug and does not have pharmacokinetic properties distinct from those of natural L-phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized primarily in the liver. The pharmacokinetic behavior of the labeled compound is identical to that of unlabeled L-phenylalanine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data are publicly available for L-Phenylalanine-13C. As a stable isotope-labeled form of the essential amino acid L-phenylalanine, the compound is expected to have a low toxicity profile similar to that of natural L-phenylalanine. The 13C labeling does not introduce any additional toxicity.
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| References |
[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(2):211-216.
[2]. Glushakov AV, et al. Long-term changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission in phenylketonuria. Brain. 2005 Feb;128(Pt 2):300-7. [3]. Glushakov AV, et al. L-phenylalanine selectively depresses currents at glutamatergic excitatory synapses. J Neurosci Res. 2003 Apr 1;72(1):116-24. [4]. Glushakov AV, et al. Specific inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function in rat hippocampal neurons by L-phenylalanine at concentrations observed during phenylketonuria. Mol Psychiatry. 2002;7(4):359-67. [5]. Mortell KH, et al. Structure-activity relationships of alpha-amino acid ligands for the alpha2delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Mar 1;16(5):1138-41. [6]. Wu WB, et al. Enhancement of l-phenylalanine production in Escherichia coli by heterologous expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2018 May;65(3):476-483. |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Phenylalanine-13C is a stable isotope-labeled form of the essential amino acid L-phenylalanine, where a specific carbon atom is replaced with 13C. It is used as a metabolic tracer in stable isotope-resolved metabolomics and flux analysis experiments, and in the 13C phenylalanine breath test to evaluate phenylalanine hydroxylase activity. The compound is not a drug and has no approved clinical indications. It is strictly for research purposes. The compound has the CAS number 81201-86-7.
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| Molecular Formula |
C813CH11NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
166.18
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| Exact Mass |
166.082
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| CAS # |
81201-86-7
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| Related CAS # |
L-Phenylalanine;63-91-2
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| PubChem CID |
16213459
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.201g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
270-275ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.576
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| LogP |
1.341
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
12
|
| Complexity |
153
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
C(C1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H](N)[13C](=O)O
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| InChi Key |
COLNVLDHVKWLRT-DMSOPOIOSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H11NO2/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12)/t8-/m0/s1/i9+1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-3-phenyl(113C)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0176 mL | 30.0879 mL | 60.1757 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2035 mL | 6.0176 mL | 12.0351 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6018 mL | 3.0088 mL | 6.0176 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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