| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
NMDA Receptor
Glycine-d2 does not have a distinct pharmacological target separate from natural glycine. Glycine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS by binding to strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors (GlyRs) and as a co-agonist at the NMDA receptor, binding to the glycine modulatory site on the NR1 subunit. In the context of Glycine-d2 as a stable isotope tracer, the compound targets the same metabolic and receptor pathways as unlabeled glycine but is used primarily to study glycine metabolism and flux rather than receptor pharmacology. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope-labeled compound, Glycine-d2 does not exhibit pharmacological activity distinct from that of natural glycine. The deuterium labeling does not significantly alter the biological activity of glycine, as the isotopic substitution does not affect the compound's chemical reactivity or receptor binding properties. Therefore, the in vitro activity of Glycine-d2 is identical to that of unlabeled glycine. In cell culture studies, Glycine-d2 is used as a metabolic tracer to track the incorporation of glycine-derived carbon and hydrogen into cellular metabolites. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Glycine-d2 is used primarily as a metabolic tracer rather than a pharmacologically active compound. When administered to animals or human subjects, the deuterium label allows researchers to trace the metabolic fate of glycine in various tissues and biological fluids. Glycine itself plays important physiological roles, including as an inhibitory neurotransmitter and as a precursor for the synthesis of proteins, glutathione, creatine, and purines.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Glycine-d2 are typically not performed to evaluate receptor binding or enzyme inhibition, as the compound is used as a metabolic tracer rather than a pharmacological modulator. However, for reference, glycine binding to the NMDA receptor glycine site can be studied using radioligand binding assays. Glycine-d2 itself is not typically used in such assays due to its isotopic labeling being better suited for mass spectrometry-based detection.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using Glycine-d2 typically involve the incubation of cultured cells with the labeled compound to study glycine metabolism. Cells are cultured in media containing Glycine-d2, and after a designated incubation period, metabolites are extracted and analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine the incorporation of the deuterium label into various metabolites. This approach is used in stable isotope-resolved metabolomics to map metabolic pathways and quantify metabolic fluxes.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Glycine-d2 typically involve the administration of the labeled compound to rodents or other model organisms via oral gavage, intravenous injection, or intraperitoneal injection. Following administration, blood, tissues, and urine are collected at various time points, and the samples are analyzed by mass spectrometry to trace the metabolic fate of the labeled glycine. This approach is used to study whole-body glycine metabolism and the biosynthesis of glycine-derived metabolites.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Glycine-d2 is not a drug and does not have pharmacokinetic properties distinct from those of natural glycine. Glycine is a small, polar amino acid that is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized primarily in the liver and kidneys. The pharmacokinetic behavior of the deuterated compound is identical to that of unlabeled glycine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data are publicly available for Glycine-d2. As a stable isotope-labeled form of the endogenous amino acid glycine, the compound is expected to have a low toxicity profile similar to that of natural glycine. Glycine is generally recognized as safe and is well-tolerated at physiological concentrations. The deuterium labeling does not introduce any additional toxicity.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Glycine-d2 (Glycine-2,2-d2) is a stable isotope-labeled form of glycine where the two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon are replaced with deuterium. It is used as a metabolic tracer in stable isotope-resolved metabolomics and flux analysis experiments to study glycine metabolism. The compound is not a drug and has no approved clinical indications. It is strictly for research purposes. The compound has the CAS number 4896-75-7.
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| Molecular Formula |
C2H3D2NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
77.08
|
| Exact Mass |
77.044
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| CAS # |
4896-75-7
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| Related CAS # |
Glycine;56-40-6
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| PubChem CID |
12999334
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
240.9±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
240ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
99.5±22.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.461
|
| LogP |
-1.03
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
5
|
| Complexity |
42.9
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])(C(=O)O)N
|
| InChi Key |
DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-DICFDUPASA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)/i1D2
|
| Chemical Name |
2-amino-2,2-dideuterioacetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 125 mg/mL (1621.69 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 12.9735 mL | 64.8677 mL | 129.7353 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.5947 mL | 12.9735 mL | 25.9471 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.2974 mL | 6.4868 mL | 12.9735 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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