| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Quinolinic acid-d3 does not have a distinct pharmacological target separate from unlabeled quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid is an endogenous neurotoxin that acts as an agonist at NMDA receptors and is involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope-labeled compound, Quinolinic acid-d3 does not exhibit pharmacological activity distinct from that of unlabeled quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid itself is an endogenous neurotoxin that acts as an agonist at NMDA receptors, leading to excitotoxicity and neuronal cell death. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. The deuterium labeling does not alter the biological activity of quinolinic acid. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, quinolinic acid is an endogenous metabolite that is produced in the brain and periphery through the kynurenine pathway. Its levels are elevated in various neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions. Quinolinic acid-d3 is used as an internal standard in pharmacokinetic and metabolomic studies to accurately measure the concentration of quinolinic acid in biological samples.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Quinolinic acid-d3 are not typically performed to evaluate receptor binding or enzyme inhibition, as the compound is used as an analytical standard. However, unlabeled quinolinic acid is used in receptor binding studies to evaluate its affinity for the NMDA receptor. Radioligand binding studies using membrane preparations from brain tissue are conducted to measure its binding affinity.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays are not typically performed with Quinolinic acid-d3. Unlabeled quinolinic acid is used in cell-based assays to study its neurotoxic effects. Neuronal cell cultures are treated with quinolinic acid, and cell viability, apoptosis, and excitotoxicity are assessed. These assays help to understand the role of quinolinic acid in neurodegenerative diseases.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not typically performed with Quinolinic acid-d3. Unlabeled quinolinic acid is used in animal models to study its neurotoxic effects, such as intrastriatal injection to model Huntington's disease. Quinolinic acid-d3 is used as an internal standard in these studies for the quantification of quinolinic acid in brain tissue and other biological samples.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Quinolinic acid-d3 is used as an internal standard for the quantification of quinolinic acid in biological matrices using LC-MS. As a deuterated compound, it exhibits practically identical chemical properties to unlabeled quinolinic acid, making it an ideal internal standard. Its use improves the accuracy and precision of analytical methods by correcting for variations in sample preparation, injection volume, and ionization efficiency. Specific transitions for QA and QA-d3 are m/z 280→m/z 78 and m/z 283→m/z 81, respectively.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data are publicly available for Quinolinic acid-d3. As a deuterated form of the endogenous neurotoxin quinolinic acid, its toxicity profile is expected to be similar to that of unlabeled quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid is neurotoxic at high concentrations and is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. The deuterium labeling does not introduce any additional toxicity.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Quinolinic acid-d3 (QA-d3) is the deuterium-labeled form of quinolinic acid, an endogenous neurotoxin and important metabolite of the kynurenine pathway. It is used as an internal standard for the quantification of quinolinic acid in biological samples, such as human serum, using LC-MS. Specific transitions for QA and QA-d3 are m/z 280→m/z 78 and m/z 283→m/z 81, respectively. Quinolinic acid-d3 is not a drug and is strictly for research purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H2D3NO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
170.14
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| Exact Mass |
170.041
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| CAS # |
138946-42-6
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| Related CAS # |
Quinolinic acid;89-00-9;Quinolinic acid-13C7;1346642-91-8
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| PubChem CID |
59862978
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
0.478
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
204
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C1=C(C(=C(N=C1[2H])C(=O)O)C(=O)O)[2H]
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| InChi Key |
GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-CBYSEHNBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H5NO4/c9-6(10)4-2-1-3-8-5(4)7(11)12/h1-3H,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/i1D,2D,3D
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| Chemical Name |
4,5,6-trideuteriopyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.8775 mL | 29.3876 mL | 58.7751 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1755 mL | 5.8775 mL | 11.7550 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5878 mL | 2.9388 mL | 5.8775 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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