| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Ste2p receptor (a GPCR on the surface of 'a' type yeast cells). Alpha-Factor binds to the Ste2p receptor, acting as an agonist. This interaction triggers a G-protein-mediated signaling cascade that leads to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and induces the expression of mating-specific genes.
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| ln Vitro |
Alpha-Factor potently and specifically activates the pheromone response pathway. It induces cell cycle arrest in 'a' cells at the G1 phase, a response measurable by the formation of "shmoos" (cell polarization) and the halt of DNA synthesis. Its activity is quantified as the minimal concentration required to create a mating halo in a lawn of 'a' cells.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, alpha-factor is used in its natural yeast system to study developmental pathways. When added to the culture medium, it synchronizes cells in G1, allowing researchers to study cell cycle progression. It also induces a polarized growth pattern toward the pheromone source, serving as a model for chemotropism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
N/A (This protocol applies to cell-based or whole-organism studies, not cell-free assays). Alpha-factor is a peptide that acts on a GPCR; there is no cell-free "enzyme" protocol. However, equilibrium binding assays can be performed using radioactive alpha-factor and isolated yeast membranes expressing the Ste2p receptor.
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| Cell Assay |
The classic cell-based "halo" assay is used. A lawn of 'a' cells is spread on an agar plate. A filter disk containing alpha-factor is placed on the lawn. After incubation, a clear zone (halo) forms around the disk where the pheromone has inhibited cell growth and arrested cells. The size of the halo is proportional to the log of the pheromone concentration.
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| Animal Protocol |
For synchronization studies, alpha-factor (TFA salt) is added directly to a culture of 'a' cells in YPD medium at a concentration of 5-10 uM. The cells are incubated for 2-3 hours at 30degC with shaking. Cell cycle arrest is monitored microscopically by the formation of shmoos and by flow cytometry to observe the characteristic G1 DNA content.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The trifluoroacetate (TFA) salt form of this peptide enhances its solubility and handling. As a peptide, it is susceptible to degradation and is typically stored at -80degC. It is not bioavailable in higher organisms. The TFA counterion is present in the final product. Molecular weight: ~1798 Da.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicity data for higher organisms are available or relevant, as this pheromone is specific to yeast. For research use, standard laboratory safety precautions apply. It is not intended for human or veterinary use and has no therapeutic application.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Other information: This peptide is a classic and indispensable tool in cell biology. The alpha-factor mating pheromone of S. cerevisiae is a model system for understanding GPCR signaling, G protein function, and MAPK cascades. It is also used to study cell polarity, exocytosis, and the cell cycle. The TFA salt version is a convenient form for biochemical assays.
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| Molecular Formula |
C84H115N20F3O19S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1798.02
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| Related CAS # |
α-Factor Mating Pheromone, yeast;59401-28-4
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :≥ 100 mg/mL (~55.62 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.5562 mL | 2.7808 mL | 5.5617 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1112 mL | 0.5562 mL | 1.1123 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0556 mL | 0.2781 mL | 0.5562 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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