inhibitor of auxin transport.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
This study investigated placental transport of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) and its metabolites using 14C-labeled 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid. Placental transport of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and its metabolites was observed in both cold-stress and control rats. The concentrations of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and its metabolites in the maternal blood of both cold-stress and control rats were significantly higher than those in the corresponding fetal blood. However, cold stress did not significantly alter placental transport or the levels of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and its metabolites in maternal and fetal tissues. Cold stress had no significant effect on the concentrations of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, 2,5-diiodobenzoic acid, or 3,5-diiodobenzoic acid in maternal or fetal plasma. Non-pregnant rats were able to adapt to cold stress, while pregnant rats were not, suggesting a possible synergistic effect between cold stress and pregnancy. Rats orally administered C14-carboxyl or 2,3(125-I),5(125-I)-triiodobenzoic acid showed 72-75% radioactivity excreted in urine and 24-28% in feces within 4 days post-administration. Peak concentrations of carbon-14 were observed in the brain, thyroid gland, liver, lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys, and carcass at 4 or 8 hours post-administration, followed by a rapid decline. Iodine-125 levels in the brain and thyroid gland were significantly higher than carbon-14 levels. Iodine-125 levels in the thyroid gland increased over time. ...

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Metabolism/Metabolites
Rats orally administered C14-carboxyl or 2,3(125-I),5(126-I)-triiodobenzoic acid showed 72-75% radioactivity excreted in urine and 24-28% in feces within 4 days post-administration... Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of urine ether extracts (extracting 50-80% of the radioactivity) showed the presence of: 2,5-diiodobenzoic acid, in the form of free acid and conjugates, accounting for 66% of the extractable radioactivity (39.6% of the dose); unchanged triiodobenzoic acid, 9.5% (5.7% of the dose); 2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzoic acid, 2.3% (1.4% of the dose); and 3,5-diiodobenzoic acid, 0.7% (0.4% of the dose). TLC of fecal extracts showed a metabolic pattern similar to that of urine. This study investigated the systemic retention, excretion, distribution, thyroid uptake, and metabolism of 2(131I),3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) in goats and a cow. Following a single oral dose of TIBA, the systemic radioactivity retention curve exhibited a two-component characteristic, with primary excretion via urine. TIBA and nine of its metabolites were detected in urine, four of which were identified. The major metabolite was 2,5-diiodobenzoic acid (2,5-DIBA). Trace amounts of 2,3-diiodobenzoic acid (2,3-DIBA), o-iodobenzoic acid (OIBA), and iodide ions were detected. 2,3-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) is metabolized via deiodination. Iodide ions are accumulated in the thyroid gland and excreted in milk and urine.
Electron capture gas chromatography was used to determine the metabolites of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid in milk following acute administration of 1.197 g of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid. The parent compound and seven suspected metabolites were detected; four were identified and one was quantified. The major metabolite was 2-OHI-3,5-diiodobenzoic acid. Trace amounts of metabolites included monoiodobenzoic acid, 2-OH-5-iodobenzoic acid, and 3,5-diiodobenzoic acid. The highest concentration of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid was observed in the 30-hour milk sample, at 0.79 mg/King; while the highest concentration of 2-OH-3,5-diiodobenzoic acid was observed in the 42-hour milk sample, at 0.27 mg/King.

Non-Human Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 in rats: 813 mg/kg Oral LD50 in mice: 700 mg/kg Intraperitoneal LD50 in mice: 562 mg/kg

2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid is a type of benzoic acid compound whose structure involves replacing the hydrogen atoms at positions 2, 3, and 5 of the benzoic acid molecule with iodine atoms. It is an inhibitor of auxin polar transport and belongs to the class of anti-auxin compounds. It is an organic iodine compound and also a member of the benzoic acid family.

C7H3I3O2

499.81

499.726

88-82-4

17274-12-3 (hydrochloride salt)

6948

White to off-white amorphous powder
Prisms from alcohol

3.0±0.1 g/cm3

456.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

220-222 °C(lit.)

230.0±28.7 °C

0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C

1.800

3.87

1

2

1

12

186

0

O=C(C1C(I)=C(I)C=C(I)C=1)O

ZMZGFLUUZLELNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C7H3I3O2/c8-3-1-4(7(11)12)6(10)5(9)2-3/h1-2H,(H,11,12)

2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)