| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
4,4'-Dihydroxybiphenyl has been found to inhibit bacterial growth by hydrogen bonding with the enzyme's active site. The compound's two phenolic hydroxyl groups enable hydrogen bonding interactions with various biological targets, including bacterial enzymes. The biphenyl core provides a rigid, hydrophobic scaffold that can engage in π-stacking interactions with aromatic residues in protein binding sites. While the compound does not have a defined primary drug target, its bacterial inhibitory properties suggest potential applications in antimicrobial research. The compound's mechanism may involve inhibition of essential bacterial enzymes through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
4,4'-Dihydroxybiphenyl is applied for making plastics. utilized as intermediates and laboratory reagents in the production of polyether liquid crystals. It is also utilized in rubber and latex as an antioxidant. Moreover, it's utilized in food packaging, medicinal latex products, and light-colored rubber goods.
In vitro studies have demonstrated that 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl exhibits bacterial inhibitory properties. The compound inhibits bacterial growth by hydrogen bonding with the enzyme's active site. This activity suggests potential applications as an antimicrobial agent or preservative. The compound's stability in aqueous solutions and other polar solvents supports its use in various research applications. The compound's biphenyl core and phenolic hydroxyl groups enable interactions with biological targets through multiple non-covalent forces. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its spectrum of antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl is limited, as the compound is primarily used as a chemical intermediate and laboratory reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. Its bacterial inhibitory properties suggest potential applications in antimicrobial research, but comprehensive in vivo studies have not been extensively reported. The compound's primary applications remain in materials science and organic synthesis. Future studies may explore its potential as an antimicrobial agent in vivo.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free biochemical assays for 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl typically measure enzyme inhibition or binding to target proteins. A standard protocol for studying its bacterial inhibitory properties involves incubating the compound with purified bacterial enzymes (e.g., essential metabolic enzymes) in appropriate buffer at 37°C, and measuring enzyme activity using spectrophotometric or fluorometric methods. The compound's ability to hydrogen bond with enzyme active sites can be assessed by competitive binding assays or by enzyme kinetics. IC₅₀ values are determined from dose-response curves using nonlinear regression analysis. The compound's purity (≥99%) is verified by GC.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl typically use bacterial cultures to assess antimicrobial activity. A standard protocol involves culturing Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains in appropriate media (e.g., Mueller-Hinton broth), treating with varying concentrations of the compound (1-1000 μg/mL), and measuring growth inhibition by optical density or colony counting. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are determined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth. Cytotoxicity is assessed in mammalian cell lines to evaluate selectivity. The compound's stability in aqueous solutions supports its use in these assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies with 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl are limited, as the compound is primarily a research chemical and industrial intermediate. If conducted, a typical protocol might involve administration of the compound to rodents by oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection, followed by assessment of antimicrobial efficacy in infection models or evaluation of systemic toxicity. Tissues would be collected for histopathological analysis. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy studies have not been extensively reported for this compound.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl is limited, as the compound is primarily used in research and industrial settings. The molecular weight is 186.21 g/mol. The presence of two phenolic hydroxyl groups suggests moderate polarity and potential for conjugation metabolism (glucuronidation, sulfation). The compound's stability in aqueous solutions and other polar solvents has been reported. For drug development applications, comprehensive PK studies would be required.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data specific to 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl is limited. The compound is used as a chemical intermediate and laboratory reagent, and standard laboratory safety precautions should be observed when handling it. The compound's bacterial inhibitory properties suggest it may have antimicrobial activity, but comprehensive toxicological evaluation has not been reported. As with all phenolic compounds, appropriate personal protective equipment should be used when handling this chemical.
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| Additional Infomation |
Biphenyl-4,4'-diol is a hydroxybiphenyl compound, that is, a biphenyl with hydroxyl groups at the 4 and 4' positions. It is derived from the hydride of biphenyl.
4,4'-Dihydroxybiphenyl is a chemical compound with diverse applications in materials science and research. It is used in the production of plastics and as an intermediate in the preparation of polyether liquid crystals. The compound has been found to have bacterial inhibitory properties, inhibiting bacterial growth by hydrogen bonding with enzyme active sites. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals exist for therapeutic use of this compound. It is commercially available from various suppliers for research and industrial purposes only. Its primary value lies in its utility as a chemical intermediate and laboratory reagent. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H10O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
186.21
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| Exact Mass |
186.068
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| CAS # |
92-88-6
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| Related CAS # |
4,4'-Dihydroxybiphenyl-d8;612480-60-1
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| PubChem CID |
7112
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
355.2±17.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
280-282 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
176.1±15.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.640
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| LogP |
2.42
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
145
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
OC1C=CC(C2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=CC=1
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| InChi Key |
VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H10O2/c13-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)10-3-7-12(14)8-4-10/h1-8,13-14H
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| Chemical Name |
4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.3703 mL | 26.8514 mL | 53.7028 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0741 mL | 5.3703 mL | 10.7406 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5370 mL | 2.6851 mL | 5.3703 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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