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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine does not have a specific primary biological target, as it functions primarily as a synthetic intermediate in pharmaceutical and agrochemical development rather than a direct-acting drug. However, its derivatives and the compounds synthesized using it may target various biological pathways. For example, olanzapine, which is synthesized using this compound as an intermediate, targets serotonin and dopamine receptors in the central nervous system for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The compound is used in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents, suggesting that its derivatives may target inflammatory mediators or microbial pathogens. In biochemical research, the compound is utilized in the study of biochemical pathways and interactions, aiding in the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Its role as a versatile building block in organic synthesis allows chemists to create complex molecules efficiently.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine is used in palladium-catalyzed amination to prepare amino-2-chloropyridine derivatives, and in halogen-exchange reactions to produce 5-bromo-2-fluoropyridine using anhydrous potassium fluoride. It is also employed in cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki and Buchwald-Hartwig couplings to construct complex heterocyclic scaffolds. The compound serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, particularly in creating anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents. In material science, it is used in the development of advanced materials such as polymers and coatings due to its unique chemical properties that improve durability and performance. In biochemical research, it aids in the study of biochemical pathways and interactions. The compound's dual halogen substitution allows for selective functionalization, making it a valuable tool for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies are not typically performed with 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine itself, as it is a synthetic intermediate rather than a pharmacological agent. However, its derivatives and the pharmaceuticals synthesized using it may be evaluated in animal models. For example, olanzapine, which is synthesized using this compound as an intermediate, has been extensively studied in animal models for its antipsychotic effects and safety profile. The compound's use in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents suggests that its derivatives may be evaluated in animal models of inflammation and infection. However, specific in vivo studies on the parent compound are not documented, as it is not intended for direct therapeutic use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays involving 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine are primarily focused on its use as a chemical reagent. Standard cross-coupling protocols involve mixing the compound with a boronic acid or amine (1.2 equivalents), a palladium catalyst (2-5 mol%), a base, and an appropriate solvent at 80-120°C for 12-24 hours under an inert atmosphere. The reaction progress is monitored by TLC or HPLC, and the product is purified by column chromatography. For amination reactions, the compound is reacted with amines in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base. For halogen-exchange reactions, it is treated with anhydrous potassium fluoride to produce 5-bromo-2-fluoropyridine. The compound's reactivity can be studied using various analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are not commonly performed with 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine itself, as it is a chemical intermediate rather than a bioactive compound. However, the compounds synthesized using it, such as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents, are typically evaluated in cell-based systems. For antimicrobial activity, derivatives are tested against bacterial and fungal cultures using standard broth microdilution methods to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations. For anti-inflammatory activity, cell lines such as macrophages are treated with derivatives, and cytokine levels are measured by ELISA. The compound itself is not used as a test article in cell-based experiments due to its primary role as a synthetic building block. Instead, it is used in the synthesis of drug candidates that are subsequently tested in cellular assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies are not typically conducted with 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine itself, as it is a synthetic intermediate. However, the pharmaceuticals synthesized using it, such as olanzapine, are evaluated in animal models for efficacy and safety. For example, olanzapine has been studied in rodent models of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder to assess its antipsychotic effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. The compound's derivatives may also be evaluated in animal models of inflammation and infection. Toxicity and pharmacological profiles for the parent compound are generally inferred from related halogenated pyridine derivatives, as specific studies on the parent compound are not documented.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine are not well characterized, as it is primarily a synthetic intermediate rather than a drug candidate. As a halogenated pyridine with a molecular weight of 192.44 g/mol, it is expected to have moderate lipophilicity and may be metabolized via cytochrome P450-mediated oxidative pathways. The presence of both bromine and chlorine atoms may influence its metabolic stability and clearance. However, comprehensive pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed, as the compound is not intended for therapeutic use. For research purposes, the compound is typically handled as a neat chemical and not administered to living organisms for pharmacokinetic profiling.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine are limited. The compound is classified with hazard statements indicating potential for skin and eye irritation. Standard safety precautions for handling halogenated heterocycles apply, including the use of personal protective equipment such as gloves and safety goggles. The compound should be handled in a well-ventilated area, and contact with skin and eyes should be avoided. In case of exposure, affected areas should be rinsed thoroughly with water. The compound is not classified as a carcinogen or mutagen based on available data, but comprehensive toxicological evaluation has not been performed. It should be stored at 0-8°C to maintain stability.
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| Additional Infomation |
5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine is a research chemical, not an approved drug. It has no clinical trial or marketing approval status for therapeutic use. The compound is widely utilized in research focused on pharmaceutical development, particularly as an intermediate in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents. It is also used in the formulation of agrochemicals, including herbicides and fungicides, and in the development of advanced materials such as polymers and coatings. In biochemical research, it is utilized in the study of biochemical pathways and interactions. In organic synthesis, it acts as a versatile building block for creating complex molecules efficiently. The compound is a key intermediate for the synthesis of olanzapine, an antipsychotic medication. It can be used in palladium-catalyzed amination and halogen-exchange reactions. The compound should be stored at 0-8°C and is supplied with a purity of ≥98%.
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| Molecular Formula |
C5H3BRCLN
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
192.44
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| Exact Mass |
190.913
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| CAS # |
53939-30-3
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| PubChem CID |
2734414
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
208.1±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
65-69 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
79.7±21.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.3±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.581
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| LogP |
2.36
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
78.8
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
BrC1=C([H])N=C(C([H])=C1[H])Cl
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| InChi Key |
PEAOEIWYQVXZMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H3BrClN/c6-4-1-2-5(7)8-3-4/h1-3H
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| Chemical Name |
5-bromo-2-chloropyridine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.1964 mL | 25.9821 mL | 51.9642 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0393 mL | 5.1964 mL | 10.3928 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5196 mL | 2.5982 mL | 5.1964 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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