| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
No specific biological target has been identified for DL-proline, as it is a naturally occurring amino acid rather than a direct pharmacological agent. However, proline plays important roles in various biological processes. L-Proline is a proteinogenic amino acid involved in protein synthesis, collagen formation, and wound healing. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of hydroxyproline, which is essential for collagen stability. Proline can act as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is involved in the regulation of glutamate signaling. The racemic mixture contains both enantiomers, with L-proline being the biologically active form. The compound's pyrrolidine ring introduces conformational constraints into peptide structures, which can influence the biological activity of proline-containing peptides and proteins. The compound's use as a building block in peptide synthesis allows for the preparation of proline-containing peptides with diverse biological activities.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, DL-proline is used as a biochemical reagent for life science related research. It is used as a building block in peptide synthesis for the construction of proline-containing peptides. Proline's unique secondary amine structure introduces conformational constraints into peptide sequences, which can be used to study peptide structure-activity relationships. In medicinal chemistry, the compound serves as a scaffold for the synthesis of proline-containing drug candidates. Its pyrrolidine ring provides a rigid, chiral scaffold that can interact with biological targets. In organic synthesis, it is used as a chiral reagent in asymmetric synthesis. The compound is also used in cell culture media as a nutrient supplement for cell growth.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for DL-proline are focused on its use as a chemical reagent. Standard protocols for peptide synthesis involve coupling the compound with amino acids or peptides using coupling reagents such as HATU, HOBt, or EDC. The reaction progress is monitored by HPLC or MS. The compound's reactivity can be studied using various analytical techniques including NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and HPLC. Its use as a chiral reagent in asymmetric synthesis involves standard procedures for the preparation of chiral proline derivatives. The compound's ability to introduce conformational constraints into peptide structures can be studied using circular dichroism spectroscopy and other biophysical techniques.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays involving DL-proline typically focus on its role as a nutrient supplement in cell culture media. The compound is added to cell culture media to support cell growth and protein synthesis. In studies of proline metabolism, cells are treated with the compound, and proline uptake, metabolism, and effects on cellular processes are assessed. The compound may also be used in studies of collagen synthesis and wound healing. However, the compound itself is not typically used as a test article in pharmacological assays due to its role as a nutrient and building block.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies for DL-proline are not typically conducted, as it is a naturally occurring amino acid rather than a pharmacological agent. However, proline supplementation may be studied in animal models of wound healing, collagen synthesis, and metabolic disorders. The compound's role as a nutrient means that it is generally considered safe for consumption. The racemic mixture may have different effects compared to the individual enantiomers, as D-proline is not naturally utilized by mammalian cells.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for DL-proline are well characterized as a naturally occurring amino acid. Proline is absorbed from the diet and transported into cells via amino acid transporters. It is metabolized to glutamate and then to α-ketoglutarate, entering the citric acid cycle. Proline is also a precursor for the synthesis of hydroxyproline, which is incorporated into collagen. The compound's pharmacokinetics are influenced by its role in normal metabolism. The racemic mixture may have different pharmacokinetic properties compared to L-proline alone, as D-proline may be metabolized differently.
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| Additional Infomation |
Proline is an α-amino acid belonging to the pyrrolidine class of compounds, with a carboxyl substituent at the 2-position. It is a metabolite in both humans and the large flea (Daphnia magna). Proline is an α-amino acid belonging to the pyrrolidine class of compounds. It is the conjugate base of prolineonium and the conjugate acid of proline nucleotide. DL-proline has been reported in Drosophila melanogaster, Populus tremula, and other organisms with relevant data. DL-proline is a racemic mixture of proline (an imino acid). Proline is found in cartilage and is essential for maintaining youthful skin and repairing muscle, connective tissue, and skin damage. It is also essential for the immune system, a major component of collagen, and crucial for the normal function of joints and tendons. Proline is essential for the normal function of joints and tendons and helps maintain and strengthen the heart muscle. See also: Proline (note moved to).
Pharmacodynamics L-proline is a major amino acid found in cartilage and is essential for maintaining youthful skin and repairing muscle, connective tissue, and skin damage. It is also essential for the immune system and maintaining a balanced formula. It is a key component of collagen and is crucial for the normal function of joints and tendons. L-proline is extremely important for the normal function of joints and tendons. It helps maintain and strengthen the heart muscle. DL-Proline is a research chemical and naturally occurring amino acid, not an approved drug. It has no clinical trial or marketing approval status for therapeutic use. The compound is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research. It has a molecular formula of C5H9NO2 and a molecular weight of 115.13 g/mol. It appears as a solid with a melting point of 208-215 °C and has a purity of ≥98% by HPLC. Proline is a unique amino acid that contains a secondary amine, introducing conformational constraints into peptide and protein structures. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H9NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
115.13
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| Exact Mass |
115.063
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| CAS # |
609-36-9
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| Related CAS # |
H-DL-Pro-OH-d3;784086-28-8;H-DL-Pro-OH-d7;65807-21-8;DL-Proline-2-d;282729-06-0
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| PubChem CID |
614
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
252.2±33.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
208-210ºC
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| Flash Point |
106.3±25.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.487
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| LogP |
-0.57
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
103
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C(C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H9NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8)
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| Chemical Name |
pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.6858 mL | 43.4292 mL | 86.8583 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7372 mL | 8.6858 mL | 17.3717 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8686 mL | 4.3429 mL | 8.6858 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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