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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
No specific biological target has been identified for 6-bromoquinoxaline, as it functions primarily as a synthetic intermediate rather than a direct pharmacological agent. However, the quinoxaline core is a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry that interacts with a wide range of biological targets. Quinoxaline derivatives are known to exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. The bromine atom at the 6-position allows for further functionalization through cross-coupling reactions to optimize biological activity. The compound serves as a precursor for the synthesis of various quinoxaline-based pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules. Its derivatives may target diverse biological pathways including DNA intercalation, enzyme inhibition, and receptor modulation. The compound's heterocyclic core provides a rigid, planar structure that can interact with biological targets through π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 6-bromoquinoxaline is used as a building block in organic synthesis for the construction of more complex quinoxaline derivatives. The compound's bromine atom allows for cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, and Buchwald-Hartwig couplings, enabling the introduction of various substituents at the 6-position. It is a useful research chemical that may be utilized as a biomaterial or organic/chemical reagent for biomedical research. In medicinal chemistry, the compound serves as a scaffold for the synthesis of quinoxaline-based drug candidates. Its quinoxaline core provides a rigid, planar structure that can interact with biological targets. In organic synthesis, it is used as a versatile building block for creating complex molecules efficiently.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for 6-bromoquinoxaline are focused on its use as a chemical reagent. Standard protocols for cross-coupling reactions involving the compound include Suzuki coupling with boronic acids, Heck coupling with alkenes, and Buchwald-Hartwig amination with amines. These reactions are typically carried out with a palladium catalyst, a base, and an appropriate solvent at elevated temperatures under an inert atmosphere. The reaction progress is monitored by TLC or HPLC, and the products are purified by column chromatography. The compound's reactivity can be studied using various analytical techniques including NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and HPLC. Its use as a building block for pharmaceutical synthesis involves standard organic synthesis procedures.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are not commonly performed with 6-bromoquinoxaline itself, as it is primarily a chemical intermediate rather than a bioactive compound. However, its derivatives may be evaluated in cell-based systems for various biological activities. Quinoxaline derivatives are tested in cancer cell lines for antiproliferative activity, in microbial cultures for antimicrobial activity, and in viral cultures for antiviral activity. The parent compound itself is not used as a test article in cell-based experiments due to its primary role as a synthetic building block. Instead, it is used in the synthesis of drug candidates that are subsequently tested in cellular assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies are not conducted with the parent compound 6-bromoquinoxaline. Its derivatives may be evaluated in animal models for therapeutic efficacy, but the parent compound itself is not administered to animals. Quinoxaline derivatives are known to have various pharmacological activities, and derivatives of this compound may be tested in animal models of cancer, infectious diseases, or inflammatory disorders. The parent compound itself is not used in animal studies due to its role as a synthetic intermediate.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 6-bromoquinoxaline are not available, as the compound is primarily a chemical intermediate rather than a drug candidate. With a molecular weight of 209.04 g/mol and a melting point of 48-54 °C, the compound would be expected to have moderate lipophilicity and membrane permeability if administered. However, comprehensive pharmacokinetic studies including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have not been performed, as the compound is not intended for therapeutic use. For research purposes, the compound is typically handled as a neat chemical and not administered to living organisms for pharmacokinetic profiling.
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| Additional Infomation |
6-Bromoquinoxaline is a research chemical, not an approved drug. It has no clinical trial or marketing approval status for therapeutic use. The compound is a heterocyclic organic compound composed of a quinoxaline bicyclic core with a bromine substituent at the 6-position. It is a useful research chemical that may be utilized as a biomaterial or organic/chemical reagent for biomedical research. The compound has a molecular formula of C8H5BrN2 and a molecular weight of 209.04 g/mol. It has a melting point of 48-54 °C and a purity of 97-98%.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H5BRN2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
209.04
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| Exact Mass |
207.963
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| CAS # |
50998-17-9
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| PubChem CID |
610939
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
300.2±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
53ºC
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| Flash Point |
135.4±22.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.685
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| LogP |
2.11
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
140
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
BrC1=CC2=NC=CN=C2C=C1
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| InChi Key |
NOYFLUFQGFNMRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H5BrN2/c9-6-1-2-7-8(5-6)11-4-3-10-7/h1-5H
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| Chemical Name |
6-bromoquinoxaline
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.7838 mL | 23.9189 mL | 47.8377 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9568 mL | 4.7838 mL | 9.5675 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4784 mL | 2.3919 mL | 4.7838 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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