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| Targets |
No specific biological target is associated with sodium tetrachloropalladate(II), as it functions primarily as a chemical catalyst precursor and reagent rather than a direct pharmacological agent. However, the compound's ability to form complexes with various ligands may allow it to interact with biological molecules containing nucleophilic groups such as thiols, amines, and imidazoles. Palladium compounds are known to have potential biological activities, including antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The compound's palladium(II) center can coordinate with electron-donating groups on proteins and other biomolecules, potentially affecting their function. In the context of catalysis, the compound serves as a source of palladium for various chemical transformations, including cross-coupling reactions that are essential in pharmaceutical synthesis.
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| ln Vitro |
A biochemical reagent called sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) can be utilized in life science research as an organic substance or biological material.
In vitro, sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) is used as a catalyst precursor in various chemical reactions. It is employed in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals through palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The compound is used in the preparation of supported palladium catalysts such as Pd/C. It is also utilized in nanoparticle synthesis for the production of shape-controlled nanostructures. In materials science, it is used for surface metallization applications. The compound's high water solubility makes it ideal for aqueous-phase cross-coupling systems. It is also used to detect the presence of various gases, including carbon monoxide, cooking and illuminating gases, and ethylene, as well as iodine. The compound's unique properties make it valuable for both academic research and industrial applications. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies are not typically performed with sodium tetrachloropalladate(II), as it is primarily a chemical reagent and catalyst precursor rather than a pharmacological agent. The compound is not intended for administration to living organisms. Palladium compounds can have toxic effects in vivo, and exposure to palladium salts may cause allergic reactions and other adverse effects. The compound's use in catalyst manufacturing and nanoparticle synthesis means that occupational exposure may occur, but comprehensive in vivo studies on the parent compound are not documented. The compound is classified with GHS hazard pictograms including Corrosive, Acute Toxic, Irritant, and Environmental Hazard, indicating potential toxicity in living organisms.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays involving sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) are focused on its use as a catalyst precursor. Standard protocols for catalyst preparation involve dissolving the compound in water or other polar solvents to form the active [PdCl4]²⁻ species. The compound is then used to prepare supported palladium catalysts through impregnation or deposition methods. For nanoparticle synthesis, the compound is reduced in the presence of stabilizing agents to form palladium nanoparticles with controlled size and shape. The compound's catalytic activity can be assessed in various cross-coupling reactions, including Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira couplings. Its ability to detect gases such as carbon monoxide and ethylene is based on the color change that occurs upon exposure to these gases.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are not commonly performed with sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) due to its primary role as a chemical reagent. The compound is not used as a test article in cell-based experiments because of its potential toxicity and its role as a catalyst precursor rather than a bioactive compound. Palladium compounds can be cytotoxic and may cause DNA damage, oxidative stress, and other cellular effects. However, these effects are generally considered adverse rather than therapeutic. The compound may be used in the synthesis of drug candidates that are subsequently tested in cellular assays, but the parent compound itself is not used in cellular experiments.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies are not conducted with sodium tetrachloropalladate(II). The compound is a chemical reagent and is not intended for administration to animals. Toxicity and pharmacological profiles for the parent compound are inferred from related palladium compounds. Palladium salts are known to cause allergic reactions, skin sensitization, and other toxic effects in animals. The compound is classified with GHS hazard pictograms including Corrosive, Acute Toxic, Irritant, and Environmental Hazard, indicating potential toxicity in living organisms. Occupational exposure to palladium compounds may occur in industrial settings, but comprehensive toxicological evaluation in animals has not been performed for this specific compound.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) are not available, as the compound is primarily a chemical reagent rather than a drug candidate. With a molecular weight of 294.20 g/mol, the compound would be expected to have limited membrane permeability if administered. The compound is highly water-soluble, which may facilitate renal excretion if absorbed. However, comprehensive pharmacokinetic studies including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have not been performed, as the compound is not intended for therapeutic use. For research purposes, the compound is typically handled as a neat chemical and not administered to living organisms for pharmacokinetic profiling. Palladium compounds are generally considered to have low bioavailability due to their ionic nature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) indicate that the compound is classified with GHS hazard pictograms including Corrosive, Acute Toxic, Irritant, and Environmental Hazard. The compound appears as an orange to brown or greenish-brown powder and is highly water-soluble. Palladium compounds are known to cause allergic reactions, skin sensitization, and respiratory irritation. Appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound, including the use of personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. The compound should be handled in a well-ventilated area, and contact with skin and eyes should be avoided. In case of exposure, affected areas should be rinsed thoroughly with water, and medical attention should be sought if necessary.
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| Additional Infomation |
Disodium tetrachloropalladate is an inorganic sodium salt whose counter anion is tetrachloropalladate (2-). It contains tetrachloropalladate (2-).
4,4-Dimethylcyclohexanone is a research chemical, not an approved drug. It has no clinical trial or marketing approval status for therapeutic use. The compound is a highly water-soluble inorganic coordination complex serving as a primary source of Pd(II) for catalyst manufacturing, nanoparticle synthesis, and surface metallization. It is used to detect the presence of various gases including carbon monoxide and ethylene. The compound is a critical precursor for the scalable, low-temperature synthesis of supported palladium catalysts and homogeneous aqueous-phase cross-coupling systems. It has a purity of >98.0% and should be stored at room temperature. The compound is for research use only and not for therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
CL4NA2PD
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
294.21
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| Exact Mass |
291.758
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| CAS # |
13820-53-6
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| PubChem CID |
11000870
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| Appearance |
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
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| LogP |
2.758
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
7
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| Complexity |
19.1
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[Pd-2](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl.[Na+].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
ZIXLZKBNIAXVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-J
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/4ClH.2Na.Pd/h4*1H;;;/q;;;;2*+1;+2/p-4
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| Chemical Name |
disodium;tetrachloropalladium(2-)
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 5 mg/mL (16.99 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3989 mL | 16.9947 mL | 33.9893 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6798 mL | 3.3989 mL | 6.7979 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3399 mL | 1.6995 mL | 3.3989 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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