| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Calcium gluconate's primary mechanism of action is through the provision of ionized calcium, which is essential for numerous physiological processes. Calcium ions are critical for bone mineralization, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood coagulation, and intracellular signaling. In the setting of hyperkalemia, calcium gluconate stabilizes the cardiac myocyte membrane by raising the threshold for depolarization, thereby protecting against life-threatening arrhythmias. In hypocalcemia, it restores normal serum calcium levels to support proper neuromuscular function and cardiac contractility. Calcium does not undergo direct metabolism; calcium gluconate dissociates to provide ionized calcium in plasma.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, calcium gluconate dissociates into calcium ions and gluconate in aqueous solution. The calcium ions are biologically active and participate in numerous cell-based assays. In cell culture systems, calcium gluconate can be used as a calcium source to study calcium-dependent signaling pathways, including G-protein coupled receptor signaling, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression regulation. It is also used in bone cell (osteoblast and osteoclast) culture studies to investigate bone mineralization and resorption processes. In vitro assays have evaluated its role in reducing lead accumulation in tissues, suggesting potential chelation-related mechanisms.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, calcium gluconate is an established therapeutic agent. Clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy of intravenous calcium gluconate in patients experiencing severe hypocalcemia due to parathyroid hormone deficiency. Intravenous administration of calcium gluconate increases serum ionized calcium levels rapidly and effectively. It is used to manage conditions including hypocalcemia, tetany, muscle spasms, and hyperkalemia. Animal studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing lead accumulation in tissues, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in heavy metal poisoning. Calcium gluconate is also used in veterinary medicine for similar indications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays, calcium gluconate is not typically evaluated as a direct enzyme inhibitor or receptor ligand. However, calcium ions are essential cofactors for numerous enzymes and are required for the activity of many receptors and ion channels. In cell-free systems, calcium gluconate is used as a calcium source to study calcium-dependent enzymatic activities, such as protein kinase C, calmodulin-dependent kinases, and various proteases. Standard assay protocols involve preparing calcium gluconate solutions in appropriate buffers (e.g., Tris-HCl, HEPES) at physiological pH, with calcium concentrations typically ranging from 0.1-10 mM. Calcium chelators such as EGTA or BAPTA are used as controls to confirm calcium dependence of the assay.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, calcium gluconate is used to modulate extracellular calcium concentrations in cell culture media. Cells (e.g., osteoblasts, neuronal cells, cardiomyocytes) are cultured in media containing calcium gluconate at concentrations ranging from 0.1-10 mM. Calcium signaling is measured using fluorescent calcium indicators such as Fura-2, Fluo-4, or Indo-1. Cells are loaded with the calcium indicator dye, and fluorescence is monitored at appropriate excitation/emission wavelengths upon addition of calcium gluconate or other stimuli. Cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis assays can also be performed to assess the effects of calcium supplementation on cellular function.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, calcium gluconate is administered to rodents (mice, rats) or larger animals via intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, or oral gavage. In hypocalcemia models, animals are subjected to parathyroidectomy or treated with calcium chelators to induce low calcium states, followed by calcium gluconate administration. Serum calcium levels are measured at multiple time points post-administration using colorimetric or ion-selective electrode methods. In lead poisoning models, animals are co-administered lead and calcium gluconate to assess tissue lead accumulation reduction. Standard dosing for intravenous use in humans is typically 1-2 g administered slowly; animal doses are scaled accordingly.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetics: Calcium gluconate administered intravenously increases serum ionized calcium levels rapidly and effectively. Calcium itself does not undergo direct metabolism; calcium gluconate dissociates to provide ionized calcium in plasma. The calcium ion is distributed throughout the body, with the majority stored in bone. Calcium is excreted primarily in urine and feces, with renal excretion regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. Oral calcium gluconate is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, with absorption efficiency dependent on vitamin D status and calcium needs. The gluconate moiety is metabolized through normal carbohydrate metabolic pathways or excreted unchanged.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Calcium gluconate is generally well-tolerated when used at recommended doses. Adverse effects may include hypercalcemia with excessive dosing, manifesting as nausea, vomiting, constipation, confusion, and cardiac arrhythmias. Rapid intravenous administration can cause vasodilation, hypotension, and cardiac arrest. Extravasation during IV administration can cause tissue necrosis. Contraindications include hypercalcemia, severe cardiac disease, and digitalis toxicity. The FDA has approved calcium gluconate for the treatment of hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, and magnesium toxicity. In animal studies, it has been shown to effectively reduce lead accumulation in tissues. The compound is considered safe for use in pregnancy and lactation when used at recommended doses.
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| Additional Infomation |
Calcium gluconate (CAS 18016-24-5) is an FDA-approved medication and dietary supplement. It is available in multiple formulations including intravenous injection solutions and oral tablets/supplements. The drug is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Clinical indications include treatment of hypocalcemia (including neonatal hypocalcemia and hypocalcemia due to parathyroid hormone deficiency), hyperkalemia (for cardiac membrane stabilization), and magnesium toxicity. It is also used as a dietary supplement for bone health and prevention of osteoporosis. In addition to its established medical uses, research has explored its potential in heavy metal poisoning, particularly lead toxicity. The standard intravenous dose for adults is 1-2 g (10-20 mL of 10% solution) administered slowly at a rate not exceeding 1-2 mL/minute. Oral dosing for calcium supplementation is typically 500-1000 mg elemental calcium per day.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H11CAO7+
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
235.22
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| Exact Mass |
448.074
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| CAS # |
18016-24-5
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| PubChem CID |
6095520
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
673.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
195ºC
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| Flash Point |
375.2ºC
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
14
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
165
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[Ca+2].OCC(C(C(C(C([O-])=O)O)O)O)O.OCC(C(C(C(C([O-])=O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C6H12O7.Ca/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2
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| Chemical Name |
calcium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 25 mg/mL (106.28 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2513 mL | 21.2567 mL | 42.5134 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8503 mL | 4.2513 mL | 8.5027 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4251 mL | 2.1257 mL | 4.2513 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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