| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25g |
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| 50g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde has been identified as a bioisostere of the widely used quinuclidine scaffold. It functions as an allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 and can be used in drug discovery for ligands that have orthosteric or allosteric binding sites. The compound's unique structural features, including the electron-withdrawing chlorine atom and the reactive aldehyde group, enable it to coordinate well with metal ions and serve as a ligand in coordination chemistry. It has also been shown to be a gold nanoparticle catalyst for the alkylation of activated C=N bonds, such as 6-azaindole.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde is utilized as a biochemical reagent and synthetic intermediate. Its activity as a CB1 allosteric modulator has been characterized in in vitro receptor binding and functional assays. As an aldehyde-containing pyridine derivative, it can participate in various chemical reactions including condensation, reductive amination, and cross-coupling reactions, making it valuable for the synthesis of drug-like molecules. The compound serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical agents targeting bacterial infections and cancer, and is used in coordination chemistry studies due to its ability to coordinate with metal ions.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for 2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde as a standalone compound are not documented in the literature, as it is primarily a synthetic intermediate and biochemical reagent rather than a directly administered drug. Its in vivo relevance is indirect, through the pharmaceutical agents synthesized from this building block. The compound's role as a CB1 allosteric modulator suggests potential for in vivo studies in models of neurological or metabolic disorders, but specific animal study data are not available for this compound itself.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays, 2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde can be evaluated for CB1 receptor allosteric modulation using radioligand binding assays. Membrane preparations from CB1-expressing cells are incubated with the compound (typically 0.01-100 μM) and a radiolabeled orthosteric ligand such as [³H]CP-55,940 in assay buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1% BSA) for 60-90 minutes at 30°C. Non-specific binding is determined using 10 μM unlabeled CP-55,940. Bound radioligand is separated by filtration through glass fiber filters and quantified by scintillation counting. Allosteric modulation is assessed by the compound's effect on orthosteric ligand binding affinity and/or maximal binding capacity.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, 2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde can be evaluated in cell lines expressing CB1 receptors (e.g., CHO-CB1 or HEK293-CB1 cells). Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with the compound (0.01-100 μM) in the presence or absence of CB1 orthosteric agonists/antagonists. Receptor activity is measured using cAMP accumulation assays (since CB1 is a Gi-coupled receptor, inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production is measured) or β-arrestin recruitment assays using BRET or enzyme complementation technologies. The compound's allosteric modulator activity is characterized by its effect on agonist potency and/or efficacy.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde are not documented, as the compound is a synthetic intermediate rather than a drug candidate. For pharmaceutical agents synthesized from this building block, standard in vivo protocols involve administration to rodents via oral gavage, intravenous injection, or intraperitoneal injection. For CB1 modulators, efficacy studies would typically be conducted in models of pain, appetite regulation, or metabolic disorders. Pharmacokinetic studies would involve plasma sampling at multiple time points for LC-MS/MS analysis. Specific protocols for this compound are not available in the public literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde are not documented in the literature. As a small molecule with molecular weight of 141.56 g/mol, it is expected to have favorable permeability characteristics. The presence of the aldehyde group may result in rapid metabolism through aldehyde dehydrogenase or aldehyde oxidase pathways. The chlorine substituent may reduce metabolic clearance compared to non-halogenated analogs. However, specific empirical pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, protein binding, and oral bioavailability are not available for this compound in the public domain.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for 2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde are not extensively documented. As an aldehyde-containing compound, it may pose risks of irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. The compound should be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions including the use of personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles, lab coat) and working in a fume hood. Specific LD₅₀ values, acute toxicity classifications, and chronic toxicity data are not available in the public literature. The compound is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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| Additional Infomation |
2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde (CAS 101066-61-9) is primarily a research-grade synthetic intermediate and biochemical reagent, not an FDA-approved pharmaceutical drug. Its mechanism of action as a CB1 allosteric modulator involves binding to a site distinct from the orthosteric binding pocket, modulating receptor conformation and thereby altering the affinity and/or efficacy of orthosteric ligands. The compound serves as a bioisostere of quinuclidine and is used in drug discovery for ligands with orthosteric or allosteric binding sites. It is a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical agents targeting bacterial infections and cancer, and coordinates well with metal ions for use in coordination chemistry. No clinical trials or approved indications exist for this compound. It is available at ≥95% purity for laboratory research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H4CLNO
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| Molecular Weight |
141.55
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| Exact Mass |
140.998
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| CAS # |
101066-61-9
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| PubChem CID |
2762994
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
243.4±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
50-54 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
101.0±21.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.593
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| LogP |
1.12
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
107
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=NC(=CC(=C1)C=O)Cl
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| InChi Key |
UFPOSTQMFOYHJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H4ClNO/c7-6-3-5(4-9)1-2-8-6/h1-4H
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| Chemical Name |
2-chloropyridine-4-carbaldehyde
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.0646 mL | 35.3232 mL | 70.6464 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4129 mL | 7.0646 mL | 14.1293 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7065 mL | 3.5323 mL | 7.0646 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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