| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(S)-Mandelic acid exhibits affinity activity (Ki=100 μM) for Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1). AKR1B1 is an enzyme involved in the polyol pathway and is a target for diabetic complications. The compound is also used as a resolving agent for the resolution of racemates and as a precursor for bioactive molecules.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, (S)-mandelic acid is used as a chiral building block and resolving agent. It is used in the resolution of racemates and the preparation of amides. The compound exhibits affinity activity (Ki=100 μM) for AKR1B1. It is used as a starting material for the production of various bioactive molecules and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Its biocompatibility supports its use in medical, chemical, and personal care applications.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for (S)-mandelic acid as a therapeutic agent are limited. As a chiral building block, its primary applications are in synthesis rather than direct therapeutic use. The compound's biocompatibility supports its use in medical applications. Specific in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for the compound itself are not well-documented in the public literature.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme inhibition assays, (S)-mandelic acid can be evaluated for AKR1B1 inhibitory activity. Standard protocols involve incubating the compound with recombinant AKR1B1 enzyme and measuring enzyme activity using a fluorometric or spectrophotometric substrate. The compound shows affinity activity (Ki=100 μM) for AKR1B1.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based experiments, (S)-mandelic acid is not typically used directly in cell culture as a test compound. It is a chiral building block used for the synthesis of compounds that are subsequently tested in cell-based assays. The compound's biocompatibility makes it suitable for use in medical and personal care applications.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies using (S)-mandelic acid are conducted on the final drug compounds synthesized from it, not on the chiral building block itself. For pharmaceutical candidates derived from this building block, efficacy studies would typically be performed in appropriate animal models. Standard in vivo protocols involve administration to rodents via appropriate routes with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic endpoints.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of (S)-mandelic acid as a standalone compound are not extensively characterized. The compound has a molecular weight of 152.15 g/mol, which is favorable for oral bioavailability. As a small, polar alpha-hydroxy acid, it is expected to have good water solubility and renal clearance. Empirical pharmacokinetic data are not available in the public literature.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
(S)-Mandelic acid is a research chemical and should be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions. As a carboxylic acid, it may cause skin and eye irritation. The compound should be stored under appropriate conditions. Specific LD₅₀ values, acute toxicity classifications, and chronic toxicity data are not available in the public literature. Standard safety practices include the use of personal protective equipment.
|
| Additional Infomation |
(S)-Mandelic acid is a (2S)-2-hydroxymonocarboxylic acid, and also a mandelic acid. It is the conjugate acid of (S)-mandelic acid ester and an enantiomer of (R)-mandelic acid. (S)-Mandelic acid has been reported in European plum (Prunus zippeliana) and black elderberry (Sambucus nigra), and relevant data are available. See also: Mandelic acid (note moved to); (S)-mandelic acid ester (note moved to).
(S)-Mandelic acid (CAS 17199-29-0) is primarily a research-grade chiral building block, not an FDA-approved pharmaceutical drug. Its primary applications are in asymmetric synthesis as a starting material for the production of various bioactive molecules and active pharmaceutical ingredients. The compound exhibits affinity activity (Ki=100 μM) for AKR1B1. It is also used in the resolution of racemates and the preparation of amides. No clinical trials or approved indications exist for this compound. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H8O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
152.15
|
| Exact Mass |
152.047
|
| CAS # |
17199-29-0
|
| PubChem CID |
439616
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
321.8±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
120 - 122 °C
|
| Flash Point |
162.6±18.8 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.591
|
| LogP |
0.92
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
138
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
O([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H]
|
| InChi Key |
IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-ZETCQYMHSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c9-7(8(10)11)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7,9H,(H,10,11)/t7-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.5725 mL | 32.8623 mL | 65.7246 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3145 mL | 6.5725 mL | 13.1449 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6572 mL | 3.2862 mL | 6.5725 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
