| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Natural product
Sodium alginate does not have a defined pharmacological target. Its mechanism of action is physicochemical: the carboxylic acid groups on the alginic acid chain allow it to form gels and viscous solutions. In drug delivery, it aids in controlled release formulations by swelling and absorbing water to release encapsulated drugs gradually. Its biocompatibility and non-toxicity support diverse applications. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
With the development of modern industry, heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental issues. Due to its simplicity and low-cost, adsorption is considered as a green and environmental friendly method to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents. Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide, which consists of abundant hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, has been widely reported as the raw material for the adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. By surface grafting and cross-linking, adsorbents synthesized from sodium alginate have exhibited large uptake capacities as well as high removal rates for heavy metal ions. However, the poor physical strength and plain thermostability have significantly limited the utilization of sodium alginate based materials in industrial applications. Moreover, reductions of specific metal ions were observed in some studies, of which the reduction mechanism is not clearly clarified. In this work, the development of sodium alginate based adsorbents was summarized, including the physicochemical properties of the polymer, the modification of sodium alginate, sodium alginate based composite materials, and the adsorption behaviors as well as the mechanism. Chelation, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, reduction and photocatalytic reduction were involved in the adsorption process, which can be determined by chemical characterization with further elucidation by density functional theory calculation. Finally, the limitations of sodium alginate based adsorbents were revealed with suggestions for future research[2].
In vitro, sodium alginate is used to study the characteristics of modified alginate derivatives and to investigate the impact of alginate on lipid digestion using in vitro digestion models. It is used in combination with chitosan to fabricate biodegradable porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and as an encapsulating agent for microparticles. |
| ln Vivo |
Rats that receive a single intradermal and subcutaneous injection of sodium alginate (0.1–0.5 mL; parietal periosteum) have granulomatous reactions[1].
In vivo, sodium alginate is used in wound dressings, where alginate fibers absorb wound exudate and promote healing. It is also used in dental impressions as a mold material due to its quick gelation. In drug delivery, it encapsulates drugs for controlled release, such as in microspheres and tablets. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro cell-based experiments, sodium alginate is used as a scaffold for 3D cell culture. Cells are encapsulated in alginate hydrogels or cultured on alginate-based scaffolds. Cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation are assessed using standard assays. The biocompatibility of the alginate material is evaluated by monitoring cell health and function over time.
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| Cell Assay |
In vivo animal studies using sodium alginate are conducted to evaluate its applications in wound healing and drug delivery. Standard protocols involve applying alginate-based wound dressings to wounds in rodent models and monitoring wound closure over time. For drug delivery, alginate microspheres containing a drug are administered orally or by injection, and drug release and therapeutic efficacy are assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 8weeks old male Wistar rats[1]
Doses: 0.1-0.5 mL Route of Administration: Parietal periosteum , intradermal and subcutaneous (sc) injection; 0.2, 0.1 and 0.5 mL respectively, once Experimental Results: Induced macrophages recruitment and generated skin uplift. Filler injection demand is increasing worldwide, but no ideal filler with safety and longevity currently exists. Sodium alginate (SA) is the sodium salt of alginic acid, which is a polymeric polysaccharide obtained by linear polymerization of two types of uronic acid, d-mannuronic acid (M) and l-guluronic acid (G). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic value of SA. Nine SA types with different M/G ratios and viscosities were tested and compared with a commercially available sodium hyaluronate (SH) filler. Three injection modes (onto the periosteum, intradermally, or subcutaneously) were used in six rats for each substance, and the animals were sacrificed at 4 or 24 weeks. Changes in the diameter and volume were measured macroscopically and by computed tomography, and histopathological evaluations were performed. SA with a low M/G ratio generally maintained skin uplift. The bulge gradually decreased over time but slightly increased at 4 weeks in some samples. No capsule formation was observed around SA. However, granulomatous reactions, including macrophage recruitment, were observed 4 weeks after SA implantation, although fewer macrophages and granulomatous reactions were observed at 24 weeks. The long-term volumizing effects and degree of granulomatous reactions differed depending on the M/G ratio and viscosity. By contrast, SH showed capsule formation but with minimal granulomatous reactions. The beneficial and adverse effects of SA as a filler differed according to the viscosity or M/G ratio, suggesting a better long-term volumizing effect than SH with relatively low immunogenicity. Pharmacokinetic properties of sodium alginate are not applicable as a therapeutic agent. As a high molecular weight polysaccharide, it is not significantly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. When used in wound dressings or as an implant, it is biodegradable and biocompatible, breaking down over time. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Clearly…it is not significantly broken down or absorbed after ingestion… When mice were given propylene glycol (14)C alginate or (14)C propylene glycol alginate, the unhydrolyzed ester and alginate residues…were not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract; however, any hydrolyzed propylene glycol…was absorbed…metabolized and eliminated…a single dose…1 g/kg…excreted in feces…5 days… …Traces of the marker remained in the rectum after a dose of 5 g/kg. Alginate prepared from kelp finger was not absorbed in rats fed 10% of their daily diet. Sodium alginate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and is considered non-toxic and biocompatible. It is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling the compound. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Sodium alginate (CAS 9005-38-3) is a research-grade biomaterial and pharmaceutical excipient, not an FDA-approved drug. Its primary applications are in drug delivery for controlled release formulations, as a wound dressing material, in dental impressions, and as a gelling and thickening agent in food and cosmetic products.
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| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H7O6NA
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
216.12303
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| Exact Mass |
216.024
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| CAS # |
9005-38-3
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| PubChem CID |
23665711
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| Appearance |
White to light brown solid
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| Melting Point |
119 °C
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| Source |
Seaweed Laminaria japonica
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
210
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
[Na+].O1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C1C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
MSXHSNHNTORCAW-WTFUTCKNSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H10O7.Na/c7-1-2(8)4(5(10)11)13-6(12)3(1)9;/h1-4,6-9,12H,(H,10,11);/q;+1/p-1/t1-,2-,3-,4-,6+;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 6.67 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.6271 mL | 23.1353 mL | 46.2706 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9254 mL | 4.6271 mL | 9.2541 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4627 mL | 2.3135 mL | 4.6271 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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