| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 500mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DL-Serine hydroxamate targets seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS, EC 6.1.1.11), an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. It acts as a competitive or mechanism-based inhibitor, mimicking serine and binding to the active site of SerRS, thereby preventing the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). By blocking this essential step in protein synthesis, it depletes charged tRNA(Ser), triggering the stringent response and ppGpp accumulation. It has no known activity against other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro, DL-Serine hydroxamate has demonstrated potent inhibition of seryl-tRNA synthetase activity in cell-free extracts. The compound induces the accumulation of ppGpp in E. coli, which can be quantified by thin-layer chromatography or HPLC. The IC50 for seryl-tRNA synthetase inhibition is typically in the low micromolar range (specific values vary by species). It also inhibits growth of E. coli and other bacteria in culture, with MIC values in the range of 10-100 microg/mL. The compound does not significantly affect mammalian cells at similar concentrations due to differences in transport or metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
DL-Serine hydroxamate is not typically used in animal models as a therapeutic agent. It is primarily employed in bacterial and cell culture systems. However, it has been used ex vivo to study the stringent response. No efficacy studies in animal disease models have been reported. In rodents, administration of hydroxamate analogs may cause toxicity due to metal chelation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Standard protocol for seryl-tRNA synthetase inhibition assay: Recombinant SerRS (1-10 microg) is incubated with varying concentrations of DL-Serine hydroxamate (0-1000 microM) in reaction buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM ATP, 50 microM [14C]-serine, and 20 microg/mL E. coli tRNA). After 10 minutes at 37degC, aliquots are spotted onto Whatman 3MM filters, washed with 5% TCA, dried, and counted by scintillation. IC₅0 is determined. Alternatively, a continuous spectrophotometric assay using pyrophosphate detection (EnzCheck) is used.
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| Cell Assay |
Protocol for DL-Serine hydroxamate in E. coli: E. coli cells are grown in M9 minimal medium supplemented with 0.2% glucose to OD₆00 = 0.4. DL-Serine hydroxamate is added at 50-500 microg/mL. After 10-30 minutes, cells are harvested, and ppGpp is extracted with 2 M formic acid, separated by PEI-cellulose TLC using 1.5 M KH2PO4 (pH 3.4), and visualized by UV or autoradiography. Alternatively, cells are pre-labeled with 32P-orthophosphate, and ppGpp is quantified by phosphorimaging. Serine starvation can be confirmed by measuring [3H]-leucine incorporation into TCA-precipitable material.
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| Animal Protocol |
For mammalian cell studies: Cells (e.g., HeLa) are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS, treated with DL-Serine hydroxamate (0.5-10 mM) for 1-4 hours. Serine limitation can be assessed by measuring incorporation of [3H]-serine into protein. However, DL-Serine hydroxamate is primarily a tool for bacterial studies. Animal studies: No established protocols.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No pharmacokinetic data are available for DL-Serine hydroxamate. As a small, polar hydroxamate (MW 120.11), it is expected to have low oral bioavailability (<20% due to polarity). It would likely be rapidly absorbed but extensively metabolized or excreted unchanged in urine. Hydroxamate groups are known to be labile and may be hydrolyzed or acetylated in vivo. No half-life, clearance, or volume of distribution data have been reported. Soluble in water (≥50 mg/mL) and DMSO.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The safety profile of DL-Serine hydroxamate: Hydroxamic acids are known to chelate metal ions and can inhibit metalloenzymes, potentially causing toxicity. The acute oral LD50 is not reported but is expected to be moderately high (>1000 mg/kg). It may cause skin and eye irritation. Not classified as carcinogen or reproductive toxin. Use standard precautions: fume hood, gloves, lab coat, safety goggles. Avoid inhalation and skin contact. Due to its metal-chelating properties, chronic exposure may lead to metal ion imbalances. Stable as a powder at -20degC.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Serine hydroxyxamic acid is a hydroxyxamic acid formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of serine and the amino group of hydroxylamine. It is an EC 6.1.1.11 (serine-tRNA ligase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxyxamic acid and a derivative of serine.
DL-Serine hydroxamate is not an approved drug and has no clinical trial history. It is a research tool for studying amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis regulation, and bacterial stringent response. It is often used in combination with other amino acid analogs (e.g., L-serine hydroxamate, or other amino acid hydroxamates) to probe specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase functions. The compound is commercially available from biochemical vendors for research use only. No therapeutic applications are approved. |
| Molecular Formula |
C3H8N2O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
120.11
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| Exact Mass |
120.053
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| CAS # |
55779-32-3
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| PubChem CID |
101173
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-2.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
84.6
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C(C(C(=O)NO)N)O
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| InChi Key |
LELJBJGDDGUFRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H8N2O3/c4-2(1-6)3(7)5-8/h2,6,8H,1,4H2,(H,5,7)
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-N,3-dihydroxypropanamide
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| Synonyms |
2-Amino-N,3-dihydroxypropanamide; DL-Serine hydroxamate; 55779-32-3; Serine hydroxamate; 4370-83-6; CHEBI:75494; AMINO ACID HYDROXAMATES DL-SERINE HYDROXAMATE; Propanamide, 2-amino-N,3-dihydroxy-, (A+/-)-;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.3257 mL | 41.6285 mL | 83.2570 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6651 mL | 8.3257 mL | 16.6514 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8326 mL | 4.1629 mL | 8.3257 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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