| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
S-Allyl-D-cysteine has potential biological targets related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It is believed to act as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing oxidative stress. It may also modulate signaling pathways such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, leading to increased expression of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, it may inhibit certain pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX). In cardiovascular studies, S-allyl cysteine has been shown to lower blood pressure, reduce platelet aggregation, and improve endothelial function. The D-enantiomer may interact with different transporters and enzymes compared to the L-form, potentially affecting its bioavailability and activity. However, the precise molecular targets of S-allyl-D-cysteine are still under investigation, and it is not a clinically approved drug.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro, S-Allyl-D-cysteine has been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity in various cell-free assays, such as DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS cation decolorization assays. It can also reduce intracellular ROS levels in cultured cells, as measured by fluorescent probes like DCFH-DA. In cell-based models of oxidative stress, such as H₂O₂-treated endothelial cells or neuronal cells, S-allyl cysteine has been reported to increase cell viability and reduce apoptosis. It may also inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in macrophages. The compound's activity is typically dose-dependent, with effective concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 µM. However, the D-enantiomer may be less potent than the L-form in some assays due to stereospecificity of cellular uptake and metabolism. Its in vitro efficacy is often compared to that of N-acetylcysteine as a standard antioxidant. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, S-Allyl-D-cysteine has been studied in animal models for its potential health benefits. In rodent models, oral administration of S-allyl cysteine has been shown to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive rats, improve cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion injury, and attenuate atherosclerotic plaque formation. It has also demonstrated neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases by reducing oxidative damage and inflammation. In diabetic animals, it has been reported to lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity. The D-enantiomer may have different pharmacokinetics, such as slower clearance or altered tissue distribution, compared to the L-form. However, most in vivo studies have used the L-enantiomer or racemic mixtures, and specific data on the D-enantiomer are limited. The compound is usually administered via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg/day.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The non-cellular experimental workflow for S-Allyl-D-cysteine typically involves antioxidant assays. A common DPPH assay: prepare a solution of DPPH (0.1 mM in ethanol), add varying concentrations of the compound (1-100 µM), incubate at room temperature in the dark for 30 minutes, and measure absorbance at 517 nm. The percentage of scavenging is calculated against a control. For ABTS assay, generate ABTS radicals using potassium persulfate, then add the compound and measure at 734 nm. For enzyme inhibition assays, such as COX-1/2 inhibition, the compound can be tested using commercial kits that monitor the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The compound's reducing power can also be assessed by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. These assays are performed in triplicate and results are expressed as IC₅₀ or EC₅₀ values.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based workflows involve culturing appropriate cells (e.g., human umbilical vein endothelial cells, neuronal cells, or macrophages) in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells are pre-treated with S-Allyl-D-cysteine at concentrations ranging from 10-200 µM for 1-24 hours, then exposed to an oxidative stress inducer (e.g., 100-500 µM H₂O₂, 10 µM rotenone, or 50 µg/mL oxidized LDL). After treatment, cells are assayed for viability (MTT), ROS production (DCFH-DA), or apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC). For anti-inflammatory studies, cells may be stimulated with LPS and the production of TNF-α or IL-6 measured by ELISA. The compound's effects on signaling pathways (e.g., Nrf2, NF-κB) can be assessed by Western blotting or qPCR. All experiments include untreated controls and positive controls (e.g., N-acetylcysteine).
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies typically use male Sprague-Dawley rats or C57BL/6 mice. For hypertension models, animals are administered Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to induce hypertension, and S-Allyl-D-cysteine (10-100 mg/kg/day) is given orally for 4 weeks. Blood pressure is measured via tail-cuff or telemetry. For cardiac ischemia-reperfusion, animals are subjected to coronary artery ligation, and the compound is given prior to reperfusion; infarct size is measured by TTC staining. For neuroprotection, animals may be given 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to induce Parkinsonism, and the compound is administered daily; motor function and striatal dopamine levels are assessed. All protocols must follow institutional animal care guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetics of S-Allyl-D-cysteine have been studied to some extent. After oral administration, it is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and metabolized to allyl mercaptan and other sulfur metabolites. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) are reached within 1-2 hours, and the half-life is approximately 2-4 hours. The compound is distributed to various tissues, including the liver, kidney, and brain. It is mainly excreted in urine as metabolites. The D-enantiomer may have slower metabolism compared to the L-form due to stereoselectivity of enzymes such as cysteine sulfoxidase. However, detailed ADME data for the pure D-enantiomer are limited. The compound has low plasma protein binding and is not significantly accumulated.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for S-Allyl-D-cysteine indicate a relatively low toxicity profile. In acute toxicity studies in rodents, the oral LD₅₀ is estimated to be >2000 mg/kg. No significant adverse effects were observed in subchronic studies at doses up to 100 mg/kg/day. The compound is not genotoxic in standard Ames tests. However, high doses may cause gastrointestinal irritation. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound, including the use of gloves and safety glasses. It is not classified as a hazardous substance, but it is intended for research use only and should be disposed of according to local regulations.
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| References |
[1]. Luckose F, et al. Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(13):1793-807.
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| Additional Infomation |
S-Allyl-D-cysteine is a research compound of interest due to its potential health benefits, particularly as a bioactive component of garlic. It is being investigated for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic properties. The D-enantiomer may offer advantages in terms of stability or bioavailability compared to the L-form. However, it is not a clinically approved drug and has not undergone extensive clinical trials. Most studies are preclinical, and the compound is used as a standard in garlic research. It is commercially available from specialty chemical suppliers and is often used in nutritional and nutraceutical research. The compound is for research use only and is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H11NO2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
161.22
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| Exact Mass |
161.051
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| CAS # |
770742-93-3
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| PubChem CID |
10313252
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
300.3±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
135.4±27.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.543
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| LogP |
1.31
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
127
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C=CCSC[C@H](C(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
ZFAHNWWNDFHPOH-RXMQYKEDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H11NO2S/c1-2-3-10-4-5(7)6(8)9/h2,5H,1,3-4,7H2,(H,8,9)/t5-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-3-prop-2-enylsulfanylpropanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (620.27 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.2027 mL | 31.0135 mL | 62.0270 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2405 mL | 6.2027 mL | 12.4054 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6203 mL | 3.1014 mL | 6.2027 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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