| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of L-γ-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide is γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of γ-glutamyl groups from glutathione and other γ-glutamyl compounds to acceptors. GGT plays a critical role in glutathione metabolism, amino acid transport, and cellular redox balance. The compound serves as a chromogenic substrate for GGT, with enzymatic cleavage releasing p-nitroaniline for spectrophotometric detection. This makes it useful for studying GGT activity in various biological contexts, including liver function, oxidative stress, and cancer. The compound may also interact with other γ-glutamyl-processing enzymes.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies using this compound typically involve enzyme activity measurements in cell lysates, tissue homogenates, or purified enzyme preparations. Standard protocols include incubating the substrate with the sample in appropriate buffer systems (e.g., Tris-HCl or glycine-NaOH buffer at optimal pH) at 37°C, followed by measurement of p-nitroaniline release at 405 nm using a spectrophotometer or microplate reader. The compound can be used to quantify GGT activity in various cell types and to screen for GGT inhibitors. It is also used in studies examining glutathione metabolism and γ-glutamyl cycle function in cells.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies using this compound are limited as it is primarily used as an in vitro diagnostic reagent. However, the compound or its derivatives may be used in animal studies to assess GGT activity in tissues or to evaluate the effects of GGT modulation on glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress. Standard protocols involve administration via injection in rodent models, followed by tissue collection for enzyme activity measurements. All animal studies must comply with institutional ethical guidelines and be conducted in accordance with applicable regulations for the care and use of laboratory animals.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based enzyme assays for this compound involve incubating the substrate with purified γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) or other γ-glutamyl-processing enzymes in appropriate buffer systems. Standard protocols include preparing a reaction mixture containing the substrate (typically 1-10 mM), enzyme source, and buffer (e.g., Tris-HCl pH 8.0-9.0) at 37°C. The reaction is terminated at specific time points, and the release of p-nitroaniline is quantified by measuring absorbance at 405 nm. The assay can be used to determine enzyme kinetics (Km, Vmax), screen for inhibitors, and study the effects of various compounds on GGT activity. The chromogenic nature of the substrate allows for continuous monitoring of enzyme activity.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays using this compound typically involve culturing cells in appropriate media, followed by cell lysis or collection of conditioned media for GGT activity measurement. Standard protocols include treating cells with the substrate (typically 0.5-5 mM) in appropriate buffer at 37°C for 30-60 minutes, followed by centrifugation and measurement of p-nitroaniline absorbance at 405 nm. The assay can be used to measure intracellular or extracellular GGT activity, to study the effects of various treatments on GGT expression or activity, and to screen for modulators of GGT function. The compound is also used in histochemical staining for GGT activity in tissue sections.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies using this compound are limited as it is primarily used as an in vitro diagnostic reagent. However, the compound may be administered in animal models to assess GGT activity in tissues following various treatments or disease states. Standard protocols involve administration via injection, followed by tissue collection at specific time points for enzyme activity measurements using the chromogenic substrate. Pharmacodynamic assessments may include measurement of GGT activity in liver, kidney, or other tissues, as well as monitoring of glutathione levels and oxidative stress markers. All animal studies must comply with institutional ethical guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties for this compound are limited as it is primarily used as an in vitro diagnostic reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. The compound is water-soluble and stable under appropriate storage conditions. For in vitro assays, it is typically prepared as a stock solution in water or buffer and used fresh. The compound should be stored as powder at -20°C for long-term preservation, protected from light and moisture. The p-nitroaniline product of enzymatic cleavage is spectrophotometrically detectable and can be used to quantify enzyme activity in biological samples.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound is considered to have low toxicity for in vitro use at concentrations typically employed in enzyme assays (0.1-10 mM). However, p-nitroaniline, the cleavage product, is a known toxic compound and should be handled with care. Appropriate safety precautions should be observed during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment and work in well-ventilated areas. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. For in vitro use, standard laboratory safety practices should be followed. The compound is not intended for human therapeutic use.
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| Additional Infomation |
L-γ-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide hydrate is a chromogenic substrate for γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), an enzyme that plays a critical role in glutathione metabolism, amino acid transport, and cellular redox balance. The enzymatic cleavage of this substrate releases p-nitroaniline, which can be quantified spectrophotometrically at 405 nm, making it a valuable tool for measuring GGT activity in biological samples. It is used in research studying liver function, oxidative stress, and cancer. It is not an approved drug and has not undergone clinical trials; it is strictly for research purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C11H15N3O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
285.25
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| Exact Mass |
285.096
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| CAS # |
122864-94-2
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| PubChem CID |
24208779
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Melting Point |
192-193ºC
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| LogP |
1.957
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
347
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC=C1NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)[N+](=O)[O-].O
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| InChi Key |
HAFIAIPYVFZHSY-FVGYRXGTSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H13N3O5.H2O/c12-9(11(16)17)5-6-10(15)13-7-1-3-8(4-2-7)14(18)19;/h1-4,9H,5-6,12H2,(H,13,15)(H,16,17);1H2/t9-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-5-(4-nitroanilino)-5-oxopentanoic acid;hydrate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 4 mg/mL (14.02 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5057 mL | 17.5285 mL | 35.0570 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7011 mL | 3.5057 mL | 7.0114 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3506 mL | 1.7528 mL | 3.5057 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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