| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
This compound is classified as an isoleucine derivative targeting branched-chain amino acid metabolic enzymes. The benzyl and methyl substituents can influence binding affinity and specificity for enzymes such as branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT), acetylcholinesterase, or other proteins recognizing hydrophobic isoleucine-like motifs in drug design and pharmacological research.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro studies on isoleucine derivatives indicate that substitution at the amino group can significantly alter biological activity compared to parent amino acids. The unique stereochemistry of this compound is crucial for its biological activity and molecular interactions, affecting enzyme-substrate binding orientation and influencing cellular uptake via amino acid transport systems. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo data specific to this N-alkylated isoleucine derivative remain limited, as it is primarily used as a chiral building block and research tool. Related isoleucine analogs have demonstrated effects on insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in rodent models when administered orally or intraperitoneously in experimental settings.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free enzyme assays for N-alkylated isoleucine derivatives typically involve branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) activity measurement. Reaction mixtures contain alpha-ketoglutarate, BCAT enzyme, NADH, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Compound addition leads to NADH oxidation monitored at 340 nm, allowing determination of Ki values and inhibition kinetics in cell-free systems.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for isoleucine analogs use insulin-secreting cell lines (INS-1, MIN6) or primary rat islets. Cells are cultured in low-glucose medium, treated with compound (0.1-10 mM) for 1-6 hours, then insulin secretion measured by ELISA or RIA. mTOR signaling activation is assessed via Western blot for phosphorylated S6K1, 4E-BP1, and AKT.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies with isoleucine analogs typically use male C57BL/6 mice or Wistar rats for metabolic studies. Animals receive oral gavage (50-500 mg/kg) or intraperitoneal injection. Endpoints include blood glucose measured via glucometer, plasma insulin by ELISA, glucose tolerance tests, and muscle protein synthesis via deuterium oxide labeling.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of N-alkylated isoleucine derivatives likely include moderate to high oral bioavailability (40-80%), peak plasma concentration at 1-3 hours, plasma half-life 3-6 hours due to resistance to amino acid degradation, volume of distribution 0.4-0.8 L/kg, and elimination via renal excretion of the parent compound or N-dealkylated metabolites.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological evaluation of isoleucine derivatives generally shows low toxicity. Acute oral LD50 > 2000 mg/kg in rodents. No significant organ toxicity observed in repeat-dose studies at moderate doses. The compound is not mutagenic in standard Ames assays and shows no reproductive or developmental toxicity in animal studies at therapeutic levels.
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| References |
[1]. Luckose F, et al. Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(13):1793-1144.
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| Additional Infomation |
This compound has molecular formula C14H21NO2 and molecular weight 235.32. It appears as a solid soluble in DMSO (6 mg/mL with ultrasonic warming). This isoleucine derivative serves as a chiral building block for pharmaceutical synthesis, a tool for enzyme inhibition studies, and a research compound for amino acid metabolism. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H21NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
235.32
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| Exact Mass |
279.147
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| CAS # |
4125-97-7
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| PubChem CID |
54360432
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.145g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
419.449ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
207.475ºC
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| LogP |
2.754
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
236
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1
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| InChi Key |
UMCNRCSUWIPPOC-AAEUAGOBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H21NO2/c1-4-11(2)13(14(16)17)15(3)10-12-8-6-5-7-9-12/h5-9,11,13H,4,10H2,1-3H3,(H,16,17)/t11-,13-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S)-2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]-3-methylpentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 10 mg/mL (42.50 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2495 mL | 21.2477 mL | 42.4953 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8499 mL | 4.2495 mL | 8.4991 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4250 mL | 2.1248 mL | 4.2495 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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