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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The molecular targets of this cysteine derivative include enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism, such as methionine synthase, cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH). The disulfide bond also makes this compound relevant to studies of redox biology, glutathione metabolism, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activity in cellular redox regulation.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro studies on cysteine derivatives such as this compound demonstrate roles in cellular redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense mechanisms. These compounds can modulate intracellular glutathione levels, protect against oxidative stress-induced cell damage, and influence enzyme activities that require free thiol groups for catalytic function in biochemical assays. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies on homocysteine dimers and cysteine analogs indicate involvement in methionine cycle regulation and vascular health. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with cardiovascular disease risk, making these compounds valuable for studying homocysteine metabolism in animal models of hyperhomocysteinemia and related metabolic disorders in experimental systems.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free enzyme assays for homocysteine derivatives typically measure enzyme activities using spectrophotometric methods. For cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), reaction mixtures contain homocysteine, serine, pyridoxal phosphate, and varying compound concentrations, with product (cystathionine) quantified by ninhydrin reaction or HPLC, allowing determination of inhibition constants (Ki).
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for cysteine derivatives use primary hepatocytes or neuronal cell lines exposed to oxidative stress inducers (H2O2, paraquat). Cells are pre-incubated with compound (1-1000 uM) for 2-24 hours, then cell viability measured by MTT or resazurin reduction. Intracellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are quantified by fluorescent probes such as CM-H2DCFDA.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies for homocysteine metabolism are conducted in rodent models (C57BL/6 mice, Wistar rats). Animals receive compound via intraperitoneal injection (10-100 mg/kg) or dietary supplementation for 2-8 weeks. Endpoints include plasma total homocysteine, methionine, and cysteine levels measured by HPLC, plus histopathological assessment of vascular and hepatic tissues.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of homocysteine derivatives include rapid absorption after oral or intraperitoneal administration, peak plasma concentration at 0.5-2 hours, plasma half-life 1-3 hours, volume of distribution 0.3-0.6 L/kg, and elimination primarily via renal excretion, with the disulfide bond undergoing reduction to free thiols in the circulation and tissues.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological profiles of homocysteine derivatives are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia risk. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels (＞15 uM) are linked to increased cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, and neurotoxicity. Chronic exposure may cause endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. These compounds require careful handling as research tools rather than therapeutic agents.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
This compound has molecular formula C8H16N2O4S2 and molecular weight 268.35, with purity >98%. It is a solid powder that should be stored at 4degC protected from light. As a cysteine derivative and homocysteine dimer analog, it serves as a biochemical tool for studying sulfur amino acid metabolism, redox biology, and oxidative stress pathways in research settings.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H16N2O4S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
268.35
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| Exact Mass |
268.055
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| CAS # |
6027-15-2
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| PubChem CID |
12358918
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.444 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
507.58ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
260.775ºC
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| LogP |
1.372
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
216
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
S(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])N([H])[H])SC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])N([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
ZTVZLYBCZNMWCF-PHDIDXHHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H16N2O4S2/c9-5(7(11)12)1-3-15-16-4-2-6(10)8(13)14/h5-6H,1-4,9-10H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t5-,6-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-2-amino-4-[[(3R)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]disulfanyl]butanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7265 mL | 18.6324 mL | 37.2648 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7453 mL | 3.7265 mL | 7.4530 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3726 mL | 1.8632 mL | 3.7265 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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