| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an amino acid derivative, Fmoc-Phe(3,4-DiF)-OH does not have a defined primary drug target in the context of therapeutic development. However, as a difluorinated phenylalanine analogue, it may be used in research to study peptide conformation, receptor binding, and enzyme-substrate interactions. The difluoro substitution can significantly modulate the compound's physicochemical properties, including lipophilicity, metabolic stability, and binding affinity. Fluorinated amino acids are valuable for ¹⁹F NMR studies to monitor peptide conformation and dynamics. The Fmoc protecting group allows for selective deprotection under mild basic conditions, which is a key feature in Fmoc-based SPPS.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro studies on amino acid derivatives, including this difluorinated phenylalanine analogue, have demonstrated their capacity to influence the release of anabolic hormones, modulate fuel availability for cellular activity, enhance mental performance under stress-related conditions, and prevent exercise-induced muscle damage. As a difluorophenylalanine derivative, this compound may be used in cell-based assays to investigate amino acid transport mechanisms, peptide stability, and the effects of fluorination on peptide biological activity. The compound can also be utilized in studies examining the role of fluorination in peptide conformation and receptor binding. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies on amino acid derivatives have shown that they affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. As a protected difluorophenylalanine derivative, this compound may be administered in animal studies to evaluate the effects of fluorinated amino acids on biological systems. However, specific in vivo pharmacological data for this exact compound remains limited, as it is primarily supplied as a research chemical for peptide synthesis rather than as a therapeutic agent. The Fmoc group would likely be cleaved in vivo to release difluorophenylalanine.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based enzyme or receptor binding assays for this compound typically involve studies with purified enzymes or receptors to evaluate the effects of difluorination on binding affinity and enzymatic activity. Standard protocols include radioligand binding assays, enzymatic activity measurements, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies. The compound can be tested for its ability to compete with natural ligands for receptor binding or to act as a substrate or inhibitor for enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism. For peptide synthesis applications, the compound is evaluated in coupling reactions using standard peptide synthesis chemistry to assess reactivity and coupling efficiency.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for this difluorophenylalanine derivative typically utilize mammalian cell lines to evaluate compound uptake, cytotoxicity, and effects on cellular signaling. Standard protocols involve culturing cells in appropriate media at 37°C in 5% CO₂, followed by treatment with varying concentrations of the compound (typically 0.1-100 μM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. The compound's effects on receptor signaling can be studied using reporter gene assays or calcium imaging. For peptide synthesis applications, the compound is used as a building block in Fmoc-based SPPS.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for amino acid derivatives typically involve administration via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous injection in rodent models (mice or rats). Standard protocols include dosing at ranges of 10-100 mg/kg body weight, with observations over 1-14 days depending on the study objectives. For studies evaluating the effects of difluorophenylalanine-containing peptides, animals may be administered peptide formulations and monitored for therapeutic efficacy or pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamic assessments may include blood sampling for peptide analysis, tissue collection for histopathological examination, and monitoring of body weight and general health parameters. All animal studies must comply with institutional ethical guidelines.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties for this Fmoc-protected difluorophenylalanine derivative can be inferred from structurally related compounds. As a medium-sized molecule (molecular weight 423.41 g/mol), it is expected to have moderate bioavailability. The Fmoc protecting group is likely to be cleaved in vivo to release the active difluorophenylalanine. The compound shows moderate solubility in organic solvents such as DMSO and can be formulated for in vitro studies. For in vivo administration, formulations using suitable co-solvent systems may be employed. The compound should be stored as powder at -20°C for long-term preservation. Definitive PK parameters require formal studies.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for this specific compound are limited as it is supplied for research use only and not intended for human therapeutic applications. Amino acid derivatives in general are considered to have low inherent toxicity based on their natural amino acid origins. However, fluorinated compounds may have altered toxicity profiles due to the presence of fluorine. Appropriate safety precautions should be observed during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment and work in well-ventilated areas. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. Acute toxicity studies in animal models would be required to establish LD₅₀ values and no-observed-adverse-effect levels. For in vitro cytotoxicity assessment, the compound can be tested in mammalian cell lines using standard MTT or LDH release assays.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Fmoc-Phe(3,4-DiF)-OH is a difluorinated phenylalanine analogue featuring an Fmoc protecting group on the amino functionality and two fluorine substituents at the 3 and 4 positions of the phenyl ring. Difluorinated amino acids can modulate lipophilicity, metabolic stability, and binding affinity. Fluorinated amino acids are valuable for ¹⁹F NMR studies to monitor peptide conformation and dynamics. This compound is used as a building block in Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) for introducing difluorinated phenylalanine residues into peptide sequences. It is not an approved drug and has not undergone clinical trials; it is strictly for research purposes.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C24H19F2NO4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
423.41
|
| Exact Mass |
423.128
|
| CAS # |
198560-43-9
|
| PubChem CID |
12135342
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
622.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
330.4±31.5 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.9 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.612
|
| LogP |
5.42
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
31
|
| Complexity |
625
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
FC=1C=CC(=CC1F)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(OCC2C3=CC=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C42)=O
|
| InChi Key |
IHSYIDJNVXPQRM-QFIPXVFZSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H19F2NO4/c25-20-10-9-14(11-21(20)26)12-22(23(28)29)27-24(30)31-13-19-17-7-3-1-5-15(17)16-6-2-4-8-18(16)19/h1-11,19,22H,12-13H2,(H,27,30)(H,28,29)/t22-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (236.18 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3618 mL | 11.8089 mL | 23.6178 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4724 mL | 2.3618 mL | 4.7236 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2362 mL | 1.1809 mL | 2.3618 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
