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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an amino acid derivative, N6-(But-2-enoyl)-L-lysine does not have a defined primary drug target in the context of therapeutic development. However, as a crotonylated lysine analogue, it may be used in research to study lysine acylation, protein post-translational modifications, and enzyme-substrate interactions. Crotonylation is a recently discovered post-translational modification that plays critical roles in chromatin regulation, metabolism, and cell signaling. The compound can serve as a building block for synthesizing acylated peptides for studying the effects of crotonylation on protein structure and function. It can also be used as a substrate for studying enzymes involved in lysine deacylation, such as sirtuins and histone deacetylases.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro studies on amino acid derivatives, including this crotonylated lysine analogue, have demonstrated their capacity to influence the release of anabolic hormones, modulate fuel availability for cellular activity, enhance mental performance under stress-related conditions, and prevent exercise-induced muscle damage. As a crotonylated lysine derivative, this compound may be used in cell-based assays to investigate lysine acylation, histone modification, and the effects of crotonylation on cellular metabolism and gene expression. The compound can also be utilized in studies examining the role of protein acylation in metabolic regulation and disease. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies on amino acid derivatives have shown that they affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. As a crotonylated lysine derivative, this compound may be administered in animal studies to evaluate the effects of lysine acylation on metabolism or to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of acylated amino acids. However, specific in vivo pharmacological data for this exact compound remains limited, as it is primarily supplied as a research chemical for peptide synthesis and protein modification studies rather than as a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based enzyme or receptor binding assays for this compound typically involve studies with purified enzymes such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) or sirtuins to evaluate the effects of crotonylation on enzymatic activity. Standard protocols include incubating varying concentrations of the test compound with the enzyme source in appropriate buffer systems, followed by measurement of enzymatic activity using fluorometric or chromogenic substrates. The compound can also be used in studies examining lysine acylation using purified proteins or peptide substrates. For peptide synthesis applications, the compound is evaluated in coupling reactions.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for this crotonylated lysine derivative typically utilize mammalian cell lines to evaluate compound effects on histone modifications, gene expression, and cellular metabolism. Standard protocols involve culturing cells in appropriate media at 37°C in 5% CO₂, followed by treatment with varying concentrations of the compound (typically 0.1-100 μM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. The compound's effects on histone crotonylation can be studied using Western blotting with crotonyl-lysine-specific antibodies. For peptide synthesis applications, the compound is used as a building block.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for amino acid derivatives typically involve administration via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous injection in rodent models (mice or rats). Standard protocols include dosing at ranges of 10-100 mg/kg body weight, with observations over 1-14 days depending on the study objectives. For studies evaluating the effects of lysine acylation on metabolism, animals may be administered the compound and monitored for changes in metabolic parameters or gene expression. Pharmacodynamic assessments may include blood and tissue sampling for metabolite analysis, histopathological examination, and monitoring of body weight and general health parameters. All animal studies must comply with institutional ethical guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties for this crotonylated lysine derivative can be inferred from structurally related compounds. As a small molecule, it is expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability. The crotonyl group may be cleaved in vivo to release lysine. The compound shows moderate solubility in aqueous and organic solvents. For in vivo administration, formulations using suitable vehicles may be employed. The compound should be stored as powder at -20°C for long-term preservation. Definitive PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and AUC require formal studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for this specific compound are limited as it is supplied for research use only and not intended for human therapeutic applications. Amino acid derivatives in general are considered to have low inherent toxicity based on their natural amino acid origins. However, as with all research chemicals, appropriate safety precautions should be observed during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment and work in well-ventilated areas. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. Acute toxicity studies in animal models would be required to establish LD₅₀ values and no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL). For in vitro cytotoxicity assessment, the compound can be tested in mammalian cell lines using standard MTT or LDH release assays.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
H-Lys(crotonyl)-OH is an organic molecular entity.
N6-(But-2-enoyl)-L-lysine is a crotonylated lysine derivative featuring a crotonyl (but-2-enoyl) group attached to the ε-amino group of L-lysine. Crotonylation is a recently discovered post-translational modification that plays critical roles in chromatin regulation, metabolism, and cell signaling. This compound is used as a building block in peptide synthesis for introducing crotonylated lysine residues into peptide sequences for studying protein post-translational modifications and enzyme-substrate interactions. It is not an approved drug and has not undergone clinical trials; it is strictly for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H18N2O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
214.26
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| Exact Mass |
214.131
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| CAS # |
1338823-35-0
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| PubChem CID |
91811002
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
463.2±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
233.9±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.507
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| LogP |
-0.53
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
239
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
OC([C@H](CCCCNC(/C=C/C)=O)N)=O
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| InChi Key |
IZHPCCLNIDDVFG-NCJLJLRUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H18N2O3/c1-2-5-9(13)12-7-4-3-6-8(11)10(14)15/h2,5,8H,3-4,6-7,11H2,1H3,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/b5-2+/t8-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-6-[[(E)-but-2-enoyl]amino]hexanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 20 mg/mL (93.34 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.6672 mL | 23.3361 mL | 46.6723 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9334 mL | 4.6672 mL | 9.3345 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4667 mL | 2.3336 mL | 4.6672 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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