| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an amino acid derivative, (R)-2-Amino-4-mercaptobutanoic acid does not have a defined primary drug target in the context of therapeutic development. However, as a homocysteine analogue, it may be used in research to study homocysteine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, and enzyme-substrate interactions. Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is an intermediate in the methionine cycle and is metabolized by enzymes such as methionine synthase and cystathionine β-synthase. The compound can serve as a substrate or inhibitor for studying these enzymes and for investigating the role of homocysteine in cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro studies on amino acid derivatives, including this cysteine/homocysteine analogue, have demonstrated their capacity to influence the release of anabolic hormones, modulate fuel availability for cellular activity, enhance mental performance under stress-related conditions, and prevent exercise-induced muscle damage. As a homocysteine derivative, this compound may be used in cell-based assays to investigate homocysteine metabolism, redox biology, and the effects of thiol-containing amino acids on cellular function. The compound can also be utilized in studies examining the role of homocysteine in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies on amino acid derivatives have shown that they affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. As a homocysteine analogue, this compound may be administered in animal studies to evaluate the effects of homocysteine on cardiovascular function or to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of homocysteine derivatives. However, specific in vivo pharmacological data for this exact compound remains limited, as it is primarily supplied as a research chemical for metabolic studies rather than as a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based enzyme or receptor binding assays for this compound typically involve enzymatic studies using purified enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism, such as methionine synthase, cystathionine β-synthase, or homocysteine methyltransferase. Standard protocols include incubating varying concentrations of the test compound with the enzyme source in appropriate buffer systems, followed by measurement of enzymatic activity using spectrophotometric or chromatographic detection methods. The thiol group can be quantified using Ellman's reagent or other thiol detection methods.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for this homocysteine derivative typically utilize mammalian cell lines or primary cells to evaluate compound effects on homocysteine metabolism and cellular redox status. Standard protocols involve culturing cells in appropriate media at 37°C in 5% CO₂, followed by treatment with varying concentrations of the compound (typically 0.1-100 μM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or LDH release assays. The compound's effects on homocysteine levels and redox status can be measured using HPLC or fluorometric assays. For metabolic studies, the compound can be used to investigate homocysteine metabolism pathways.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for amino acid derivatives typically involve administration via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous injection in rodent models (mice or rats). Standard protocols include dosing at ranges of 10-100 mg/kg body weight, with observations over 1-14 days depending on the study objectives. For studies evaluating the effects of homocysteine on cardiovascular function, animals may be administered the compound and monitored for changes in vascular function, plasma homocysteine levels, and oxidative stress markers. Pharmacodynamic assessments may include blood sampling for homocysteine analysis, tissue collection for histopathological examination, and monitoring of body weight and general health parameters. All animal studies must comply with institutional ethical guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties for this homocysteine derivative can be inferred from structurally related compounds. As a small molecule (molecular weight 135.18 g/mol), it is expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability. The thiol group may be oxidized or metabolized in vivo. The compound shows moderate solubility in aqueous solutions. For in vivo administration, formulations using suitable vehicles may be employed. The compound should be stored as powder at -20°C for long-term preservation. Definitive PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and AUC require formal studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for this specific compound are limited as it is supplied for research use only and not intended for human therapeutic applications. Homocysteine is known to be associated with cardiovascular disease risk at elevated levels, but the compound's toxicity at research doses is likely low. Appropriate safety precautions should be observed during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment and work in well-ventilated areas. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. Acute toxicity studies in animal models would be required to establish LD₅₀ values and no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL). For in vitro cytotoxicity assessment, the compound can be tested in mammalian cell lines using standard MTT or LDH release assays.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
D-homocysteine is an α-amino acid.
(R)-2-Amino-4-mercaptobutanoic acid is a homocysteine derivative and sulfur-containing amino acid. Homocysteine is an important intermediate in methionine metabolism and plays critical roles in one-carbon metabolism. The compound is the D-enantiomer of homocysteine and is used as a research tool for studying homocysteine metabolism, redox biology, and the role of homocysteine in cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders. It is not an approved drug and has not undergone clinical trials; it is strictly for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C4H9NO2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
135.18
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| Exact Mass |
135.035
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| CAS # |
6027-14-1
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| PubChem CID |
134603
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
299.7±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
135.0±25.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.538
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| LogP |
0.22
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
86.1
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
S([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])N([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
FFFHZYDWPBMWHY-GSVOUGTGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H9NO2S/c5-3(1-2-8)4(6)7/h3,8H,1-2,5H2,(H,6,7)/t3-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 2 mg/mL (14.80 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.3975 mL | 36.9877 mL | 73.9754 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4795 mL | 7.3975 mL | 14.7951 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7398 mL | 3.6988 mL | 7.3975 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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